Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology Exam 4 > Hypersensitivity 2 > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the antibody type that mediates type 1 rxns? What is the time line

A

IgE

Immediate response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What types of cells can mediate type 1 rxns _

A

Cells with granules (Mast cells, basophils, eosinophils)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are type 1 mediators preformed of newly formed?

A

Both preformed and newly formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The most common immunity disorder are _

A

Allergic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of genetics in allergic response?

A

Genetic predisposition to allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Low - medium MW, stable, glycosylated and highly soluble in body fluids. These are all characteristics of _

A

Allergens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 major contributors to the development of allergic disease are _ and _

A

Genetic susceptibility and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What subtype of CD4 cell mediates type 1 hypersensitivity? What are the associated cytokines

A

TH2 cells

IL4 and IL13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cytokines IL4 and IL13 function in hypersensitivity reactions by _

A

Inducing isotype switching in IgE producing B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The role of IL13 during the first exposure to antigen in type 1 hypersensitivity is _

A

Recruit eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The immediate reaction upon exposure to antigen during type 1 hypersensitivity is _

A

Crosslinking of IgE on mast cells, leading to degranulation. Effects on vasculature and smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the late phase reaction? What is the time line?

A

Inflammation

2-4 hrs after exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the name of the mast cell receptor targeted by IgE? What is the time line of activation?

A

FC-epsilon-R1

Seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The 3 major cell types involved in immediate hypersensitivity are _

A

Mast cells
Basophils
Eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the preformed components of the Type 1 rxn (2)? Where are they stored?

A

Biogenic amines
Enzymes
Cytoplasmic granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the components of the type 1 rxn that are produced following activation?

A

Lipid mediators

Cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The major biogenic amine mediate to Type 1 rxns is _. It binds to what receptors _. It causes _

A

Histamine
H1, H2 and H3
Wheal and flare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Arachidonic acid, COX, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, Lipoxigenase, Leukotrienes are all _

A

Lipid mediators of type 1 rxns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The mediators of vasoconstrictors and broncho-constriction are _

A

Leukotrienes (B4, C4, D4, E4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vasodialation and vascular leak are mediated by _

A

Biogenic amines

21
Q

CD4 T cells mediate allergic reactions. How do T-cell independent antigens cause hypersensitivity reactions?

A

They can’t, unless they become attached to protein

22
Q

Penicilin is a drug (chemical, non-protein) that can mediate hypersensitivity. How is this accomplished?

A

By becoming attached to AAs on self proteins, i.e. becomes a hapten. A chemical that modifies protein

23
Q

Where is IgE found in the body? What is its function?

A

Bound to mast cells, constitutively

Mediate recognition of antigens

24
Q

Which antibody-Fc receptor combination has the highest antibody affinity?

A

IgE - Fc-epsilon R1

25
Q

What is the timeline of the immediate reaction? Late reaction?

A

Immediate is seconds

Late is 2-24 hrs later

26
Q

What are the main tissues affected by the immediate reaction? (2)

A

Vascular and smooth muscle

27
Q

What is the basis of the wheal and flare seen in the type 1 hypersensitivity rxns? What is the time line?

A

Wheal - leakage of plasma
Flare - blood vessel margins become engorged
5-10 mins, disappear in less than 1 hr

28
Q

The basis of the late phase reaction is _. What is involeved? (3)

A

Accumulation of inflammatory WBCs

Basophils, eosinophils, TH2 cells

29
Q

A high dose of an allergen IV will cause _

A

Anaphylactic shock

30
Q

A low dose of an allergen subQ will cause _

A

Wheal and flare

31
Q

A low dose of an allergen via inhalation will cause _

A

Allergic rhinitis, asthma (upper and lower airways, respectively)

32
Q

Ingested allergen will cause _ (2). What happens if it enters blood?

A

Vomiting and diarrhea

Anaphylaxis, hives (uticaria)

33
Q

3 common causes of anaphylaxis are _

A

Medication
Food
Venom

34
Q

3 symptoms of anaphylaxis are _

A

Uticaria
Disseminated wheal and flare
Anaphylactic shock

35
Q

Angioedema refers to _

A

Swelling of deep soft tissues, seen in anaphylaxis

36
Q

Anaphylactic shock is mediated by _. How is it treated?

A

Massive widespread histamine release, dropping BP

Epinephrine

37
Q

How common is food allergy in adults? Children?

A

1-4%

5%

38
Q

Allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis is caused by _. Its is mediated by _

A

Allergen exposure to upper respiratory tract, eyes.

IgE

39
Q

Outdoor and indoor allergen are likely to cause _

A

Allergic rhinitis / conjunctivitis

40
Q

Allergic asthma affects _

A

Upper and lower respiratory tract

41
Q

Repeated immediate hypersensitivity lead to a triad consisting of _

A

Intermittent reversible airway obstruction
Chronic bronchial inflammation
Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperreactivity

42
Q

Chronic airway inflammation in allergic asthma is mediated by the products of _ cells.

A

TH2 cells
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

43
Q

In allergic asthma, chronic inflammation doesn’t require the presence of the antigen. True or false

A

True

44
Q

The three means by which to treat allergic asthma are

A

Trigger avoidance
Desensitization
Effector pathway inhibition

45
Q

Current antihistamines for allergies block _

A

H1 receptor

46
Q

Desensitization immunotherapy involves _ . What cytokines are involved?

A

Reg. T Cells

IL10, TGF-beta

47
Q

What are the 2 main cells of the immediate reaction? The main cell of the late reaction?

A

Mast cells and basophils

Eosinophils

48
Q

Membrane phospholipids are acted on by PLA2 to form _. This yield COX and Iipo-oxygenase to produce downstream lipid mediators

A

Arachidonic acid

49
Q

Mast cells associated with vascularized connective tissues are _. Mast cells in the GI and respiratory tract are _

A

CT mast cells

Mucosal mast cells

Immunology Exam 4 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions