Hyperkinetic Disorders Flashcards
Tics are sudden, stereotyped movements or sounds which occur at irregular intervals. Are tics suppressible?
- yes
Typically associated with premonitory (unpleasant) urge
Tics are sudden, stereotyped movements or sounds which occur at irregular intervals. Which of the following are common presentations of tics?
1 - simple-blinking
2 - coughing/throat clear
3 - shouting
4 - complex-jumping/twirling
5 - all of the above
5 - all of the above
Are tics worse with anxiety/fatigue?
- yes
Can tics be reduced?
- yes
Distraction techniques are often used
Which neurotransmitted are tics commonly associated with?
1 - glutamate
2 - GABA
3 - dopamine
4 - serotonin
3 - dopamine
Typically in the basal ganglia
Gilles de la Tourette’s Syndrome is a common form of tics. At what age does this typically present?
1 - <3
2 - <7
3 - <15
4 - <20
2 - <7
Can occur in adolescence
Gilles de la Tourette’s Syndrome is a common form of tics. Is this more common in boys or girls?
- boys
4 x more likely
Also linked to ADHD, OCD and anxiety
Gilles de la Tourette’s Syndrome is a common form of tics. Which 2 of the following are the most common presentations?
1 - resting tremor
2 - throat clearing/coughing
3 - cranial nerves (eyes mostly)
4 - vocal noises
3 - cranial nerves (eyes mostly)
4 - vocal noises
How is Gilles de la Tourette’s Syndrome typically treated?
1 - CBT/neuropsychiatry
2 - antileptics
3 - dopamine antagonists
4 - anticholinesterases
1 - CBT/neuropsychiatry
Chorea is a rapid, irregular, involuntary, dance-like movements that flow randomly from one body region to another, including oral, facial, and appendicular muscles. Which of the following is an example of chorea?
1 - Huntingtons disease
2 - Bulbar palsy
3 - Gallium Barres Syndrome
4 -All of the above
1 - Huntingtons disease
Inherited autosomal-dominant illness
Causes atrophy caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus and a degree of cerebral atrophy
Huntingtons disease is a form of chorea is a rapid, irregular, involuntary, dance-like movements that flow randomly from one body region to another, including oral, facial, and appendicular muscles. In Huntingtons disease, which of the following features are common?
1 - behavioural disorders
2 - dementia
3 - psychiatric dysfunction
4 - neurological dysfunction
5 - all of the above
5 - all of the above
Which part of the brain do chorea disorders typically affect?
1 - cerebellum
2 - occipital lobe
3 - basal ganglia
4 - primary somatosensory cortex
3 - basal ganglia
Which of the following would NOT typically cause chorea?
1 - Vascular
2 - Sydenham’s or rheumatic chorea
3 - Trauma
4 - Systemic lupus erythematosus
5 - Auto-immune encephalitis
6 - Toxoplasmosis (HIV)
3 - Trauma
Dystonia is defined as abnormal twisting posture that can often affect axial, facial and truncal regions. Are these associated with jerky tremor?
- can be
Not always though
Although the exact pathophysiology of dystonia is not completely understood, abnormal activity in which areas of the brain has NOTbeen shown?
1 - somatosensory cortex
2 - motor cortex
3 - supplementary motor areas
4 - cerebellum
5 - basal ganglia
1 - somatosensory cortex
Which neurotransmitter has dystonia been linked with?
1 - glutamate
2 - GABA
3 - dopamine
4 - serotonin
3 - dopamine
Dystonia has been linked with a blockage of dopamine receptors in basal ganglia
Some dystonia disorders have been shown to be responsive to levodopa
All of the following can cause dystonia, but which is the most common?
1 - Stroke
2 - Brain Injury
3 - Encephalitis
4 - Parkinson’s disease
5 - Huntington’s disease
6 - Medication induced-antipsychotics
1 - Stroke
Essentially brain hypoxia
