Hygiene And Skin Integrity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the skin?

A

Waterproof

Almost Indestructible covering that has protective and adaptive properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the skin acts as a protector?

A
  • Minimizes injury from physical, chemical, thermal and light waves sources
  • Has a hard keratinized(protein) outer layer (it serves as an effective barrier to microorganisms)
  • Produce sebum to lower pH level (being acidic makes it unsuitable for microorganisms)
  • Prevents loss of water and electrolytes in body
  • Sheds 1 LB/year to help removing harmful bacterials
  • Perception: It is a vast sensory surface (touch, pain, temp, pressure)
  • Temp regulation: allows heat dissipation (to keep you cool) through sweat glands and heat storage through subcutaneous insulation (to keep you hot)
  • Wound repair: cell replacement of surface wounds
  • Prod of vit D: UV lights convert into cholesterol into vit D (Responsible for enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate, and Zinc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are mucous membranes?

A
  • A layer of cells that surrounds body organs and body orifices
  • Those membranes can contain or secrete mucus, which is a thick fluid that protects the inside of the body from dirt and pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are situated the mucous membranes?

A
  • In respiratory tract
  • In mouth
  • In urinary tract
  • In gastrointestinal tract
  • In vagina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the mucous works in the respiratory tract?

A
  • It traps the microorganisms

- Cilia (hair) in nose and lungs, traps and propels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the mucous in the mouth do?

A
  • The saliva washes away the residue

- It contains lysozyme which inhibits growth of microbacterias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the mucous in the urinary tract do?

A
  • Urine is acidic

- Flow of urine cleanses the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the mucous in the gastrointestinal do?

A
  • It is very acidic
  • It maintains appropriate levels of the normal flora in the intestinal tract
  • It inhibits the proliferation of that microorganisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the mucous in the vagina do?

A
  • pH is low (acidic)

- inhibits bacterial growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do you need to be aware of when assessing for changes of skin and mucous membranes?

A

Cultural considerations; be aware of bio cultural differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is melanin?

A

Makes various colours/skin tone and protects skin against harmful UV rays (a genetic advantage against skin cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Use ___________ when observing skin colour changes

Tips for assessing dark pigmented skin

A

Natural light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are the areas light in colour?

Tips for accessing dark pigmented skin

A

Palm,lips, etc and they are easier to assess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the best location to look for colour changes?

Tips for assessing dark pigmented skin

A

The conjunctiva of eyes because it is vascular and it will show signs of pallor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Slera (white) of eyes will show _____

Tips for assessing dark pigmented skin

A

Jaundice (yellow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Can the family be useful when assessing the client?

A

Yes we can ask them about any colour changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

__________ surfaces for __________(redness)

A

Palpate

Erythema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of normal variations to hyper pigmented skin do we need to be aware of?

A
Pigment on tongue
Mongolian spots (like bruises on babies)
19
Q

What are vitiligo and albinism?

A

Vitiligo is when you lose pigmentation in certain areas whether it’s naturally or stress
Albinism is when you have no pigmentation

20
Q

When assessing the skin you need to inspect and palpate for?

A

Colour, texture, thickness, skin turgor, temp and hydration

21
Q

What does pallor means?

A

White, there is no pink undertone

On dark skinned people it may look grey

22
Q

What does erythema means?

A

Redness, sunburn or inflammation,

very difficult on dark skinned people

23
Q

What does cyanosis means?

A

Blue, reduces hemoglobin in blood (indicates oxygen deficiency)
We can see it in nail beds, lips or mucous membranes

24
Q

What is jaundice?

A

Yellow, yellowish staining of skin, slera (it’s due to increased bike pigment).

25
When accessing the temperature of the skin what can you feel?
When it’s normal, the skin should feel warm When too hot: hyperthermia When too cold/cool: hypothermia
26
When assessing the skin what the moisture should be like?
Normal skin should feel dry to touch Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) is heavy perspiring Dehydration when skin is dry, flacks and cracked
27
When assessing for the texture of the skin, normal skin should be __________, ____________, ___________, _______________.
Smooth, soft, firm, even surface
28
When assessing the skin for turgor/mobility, what does the skin should feel like?
Moves easily when pitched | Returns immediately
29
What you should look for in mucous membranes when assessing them?
``` Any lesions Pain/discomfort Colors ⬆️or⬇️ secretions Exéma (sweating) ```
30
What is sensory? (When assessing the skin)
Ability to respond to touch, heat, cold, pain
31
What makes hair healthy?
Growth, distribution, pattern | Shine, clean, untangled and scalp free of any lesions
32
What are the causes of hair loss?
Alopecia Chemotherapy Hormonal changes Improper hair care practices
33
What you should look for when assessing the nails?
Inspect the condition of finger and toe nails - skin around —> smooth no inflammation - check for lesions, dryness, cracking, fungus, curvature, inflammation Also note colour, shape, thickness, cleanliness
34
When assessing for the overall hygiene, we’re looking for ___________, ___________, __________?
Smell, cleanliness, self care
35
What are the 4 causes of skin changes?
Environmental factors, integrity of other components, learned behaviour/educated regarding health practices, age
37
How can the environment be a factor to skin changes?
Internal —> ⬆️ body temp, ferveur, exercise, inflammation | External—> temp, extremes, ☀️ exposure, soap, piercing, injuries
38
Explain how the integrity of other components is factor influencing skin changes.
Since body systems work together, when one has an issue the other ones are affected
39
Proper hygiene practices, effective oral hygiene, eating a well balanced diet and protection of sunlight belong to what cause of skin changes?
Learned behaviour and educated regarding health practices
40
How is the age affect the skin changes in adolescents?
Acne is developing
41
How can we see skin changes in elderly people?
- Grey/thin hair - Sagging/wrinkling/thinning skin - ⬇️ in vascularity/nutrients - Cell replacements (wound healing) slower - Loss of subcutaneous fat layers - ⬇️ level of mobility - Lifetime environmental trauma to skin - Social changes of ageing
42
Why are elders at risk for alteration in skin integration?
- Aging process - More sedentary(immobility) - ⬇️ ressources, nutrition, blood/nutrients to tissue - Lifetime exposure exposure to harmful influences (sun) - Skin is drier -lesions allow microorganisms to enter the skin
43
What influences hygiene practices in elders?
- ⬇️ mobility - ⬇️ energy/stamina - Lack of ressources (⬇️ income) - ⬇️ vision/sensation - Lack of privacy/Unfamiliar surroundings (Hospitalization/Institutionalized)
44
How skin changes are present on babies?
Dehydration and rashes