Hydrosphere

Question 1

Human interference 
(deforestation)

Answer 1

• increases run off and the potential for soil erosion
• decreases evapotranspiration and therefor cloud formation so impacts on local rainfall patterns
• can lead to more extreme river flows so increases the risk of flooding

Question 2

Human interference 
(irrigation)

Answer 2

• taking water from a river or ground water storage can reduce the river flow
• increased farming opportunities provided by irrigating crops removes water from the hydrological cycle as the crops grow

Question 3

Human interference 
(urbanisation)

Answer 3

• removal of natural vegetation and replacement with impermeable concrete means the rate of evaporations from these surfaces increase as the rate of percolation decreases.
• it also decreases the amount of water that reaches the groundwater storage again, which reduces the water table.

Question 4

Human interference 
(mining)

Answer 4

-could lead to reduced vegetation cover, leading to increased run off and therefor higher evaporation

Question 5

Human interference 
(other human activities)

Answer 5

• large amount of water vapour are released into the atmosphere from industrial processes which increase cloud formation, altering the hydrological cycle
• soil compaction from agriculture creates an impermeable surface which increases run off and reduces infiltration into underground storage

Question 6

vegetation in the hydrological cycle

Answer 6

-if they are removed it can cause flooding as there will be more run off
-roots take up the water so reduces the amount of water making it to the river
roots can intertwine with each other which makes it harder for the water to infiltrate
-interception from leaves- delay run off to the river= lower chance of flooding
-can cause soil infiltration and the water will just run over the top and take loose soil with it leaving infertile soil behind.
- no evapotranspiration= not realised from leaves- no evaporation= alternates the rainfall pattern

Question 7

inputs in the hydrological cycle

Answer 7

precipitation - this is when the clouds produce rain

Question 8

storage in the hydrological cycle

Answer 8

interception by vegetation

Question 9

transfers in the hydrological cycle

Answer 9

overland flow- movement of water through rivers and streams back to the ocean

Question 10

outputs in the hydrological cycle

Answer 10

when water reaches rivers that flow to the sea

Question 11

Stages in the hydrological cycle

Answer 11

evaporation
transpiration 
precipitation 
condensation
advection
sublimation
water table
infiltration
percolation
interception
ground water flow
through flow
storage