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ENVI (LEC) 10.01 > Hydrosphere > Flashcards

Hydrosphere Flashcards

1
Q

an area of land that drains all streams and rainfall into a common outlet

A

watershed

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2
Q

the amount of time a water molecule stays within a particular stage of the hydrologic cycle

A

residence time

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3
Q

process of increasing nutrients (phosphates/nitrates) resulting in algal bloom

A

eutrophication

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4
Q

pumping out contaminated water and treatment by filtration, oxidation, air stripping (volatilization of contaminant in an air column), or biological processes

A

extraction wells

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5
Q

use of vapor-extraction well and then treatment

A

vapor extraction

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6
Q

injection of nutrients and oxygen to encourage growth of organisms that degrade the contaminant in the groundwater

A

bioremediation

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7
Q

use of contact treatment as contaminated water plume moves through a treatment bed in the path of groundwater movement; neutralization of the contaminant by chemical, physical, or biological processes

A

permeable treatment bed

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8
Q
  • measured to determine the oxidizing or reducing potential of a substance
  • can indicate ability of water body to chemically break down pollutants
A

redox potential

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9
Q

the amount of oxygen consumed by chemical oxidation of matter in water

A

Chemical Oxygen Demand

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10
Q
  • measure of hydrogen ions in solution
  • referred to as the degree of acidity or alkalinity
  • affects most chemical and biological processes
  • one of the most important environmental limiting factors
A

pH

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11
Q
  • the concentration of dissolved mineral salts present in waters and soils on a unit volume or weight basis
  • govern physical characteristics like density and heat capacity
  • related to other physico-chemical parameters
A

salinity

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12
Q
  • the measurement of the ability of an aqueous solution to transfer an electrical current
  • increased conductivity w concentrations of ions
A

conductivity

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13
Q

amount of dissolved substances in a volume of water

A

total dissolved solids

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14
Q
  • measure of cloudiness caused predominantly by suspended material in water
  • refers to light scattering properties of a sample
  • can be described as “haziness”
A

turbidity

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15
Q

amount of particles that cannot be dissolved in water and remain suspended in the water column

A

Total Suspended Solids

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16
Q
  • indicator of possible presence of fecal pollution and microorganisms that can cause disease
  • coliform bacteria generally originate in the intestines of warm-blooded animals
A

fecal coliform

17
Q

public water supply class I: intended primarily waters having watersheds which are uninhabited and otherwise protected and which require only approved disinfection in order to meet the NSDW of the Philippines

A

Class AA

18
Q

Public Water Supply Class II: for sources of water supply that will require complete treatment in order to meet the NSDW

A

Class A

19
Q

Recreational Water Class I: For primary contact recreation such as bathing, swimming, skin diving, etc. (particularly tourism processes)

A

Class B

20
Q
  • fishery water for propagation/growth of fish and other aquatic resources
  • recreational water class II
  • industrial water supply class I
A

Class C

21
Q
  • for agriculture, irrigation, livestock watering, etc.
  • industrial water supply class II
  • other inland waters, by their quality, belong to this classification
A

Class D

22
Q

underground caverns or porous layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock through which groundwater flows

A

aquifer

23
Q

where most aquifers are replenished naturally by precipitation that percolates downward through soil and rock

A

natural recharge

24
Q

discharge pollutants at specific locations through drain pipes, ditches, or sewer lines into bodies of water.

A

point source

25
Q

scattered and diffused pollution and cannot be traced to any single site of discharge

A

nonpoint source

26
Q

Sources of water pollution

A

oxygen-demanding waste, pathogenic organisms, nutrients, oil, toxic substances

27
Q

6 properties of water

A
  • high specific heat
  • neutral pH
  • good conductor
  • exists in liquid form
  • universal solvent
  • surface tension
28
Q

amount of energy required to change the temperature of a substance

A

high specific heat

29
Q

porous or cracked layer of rock

A

aquifer

30
Q

pumping of aquifers can create a…

A

cone of depression which leaves shallower wells dry

31
Q

pumping wells can cause 2 things…

A

land subsidence, saltwater intrusion

32
Q

process most commonly used to remove dissolved solids from water in a conventional water treatment plant

A

coagulation

33
Q
A

ENVI (LEC) 10.01 (10 decks)

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