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ENVI (LEC) 10.01 > Atmosphere > Flashcards

Atmosphere Flashcards

1
Q

order of layers in the atmosphere

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
Ionosphere

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2
Q

-weather occurs, water cycle, breathing air (moist)
-99% of water vapor in atmosphere found
-higher=low air pressure=lower temp= lower density

A

troposphere

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3
Q
  • breakdown of meteors
  • odd electrical charges “sprites”
  • higher= dec temp= dec air pressure
  • influenced by waves and tides
A

Mesosphere

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4
Q

Daily changes in temp, wind, and precipitation

A

weather

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5
Q

long-term temperatures and precipitation trends

A

climate

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6
Q

layer around earth
protects from UV radiation
regulates climate
storage of gases
dissipates air pollutants
transport of energy and water

A

atmosphere

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7
Q

currents that redistribute heat and moisture only in troposphere
causes turbulence in airplanes

A

convection currents

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8
Q

minute particles and liquid droplets suspended in the atmosphere

A

aerosols

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9
Q

reflectance or “whiteness”
high=reflect energy
low=absorb energy

A

albedo

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10
Q

capture of energy by gases in the atmosphere
atmosphere transmits sunlight but traps some heat inside
atmosphere lets that gradually dissipate to space

A

Greenhouse effect

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11
Q

gases that traps heat in the atmosphere

A

greenhouse gases

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12
Q

natural greenhouse effect enhanced with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

A

enhance greenhouse effect

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13
Q

any substance released at a concentration sufficient to cause harm to humans, other animals, vegetation, other materials

A

air pollutant

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14
Q

part of natural biogeochemical cycles; naturally undergo cleansing mechanism

A

natural sources

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15
Q

released concentrated regions in high concentrations; disrupt natural cycles; released faster than natural cleansing mechanisms

A

anthropogenic sources

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16
Q

harmful when released; can be precursor chemicals for secondary pollutants

A

primary pollutants

17
Q

converted from primary pollutants (in the presence of light/UV)
if emitted, not necessarily harmful

A

secondary pollutants

18
Q

effects of air pollution

A

smog (industrial/photochemical)
acid rain
ozone depletion
climate change

19
Q

mix of ash, soot, SO2, VOCs;
formed especially in the burning of coal;
mostly a result of primary pollutants

A

industrial smog

20
Q

series of reactions: NOx + VOCs w sunlight
mainly due to secondary pollutants
largely due to emissions from motor vehicles

A

photochemical smog

21
Q

pollutants such as SO2 and NOx further lower pH of rain to 3

A

acid rain

22
Q

consequences of acid rain in trees:

A

premature leaf fall and branch dieback

23
Q

consequences of acid rain in soil:

A

-important minerals leach out
-Aluminum toxicity from soil to water bodies

24
Q

consequences of acid rain on structures:

A

discoloration and weathering

25
Q

thin layer of O3 in lower stratosphere
absorbs UV rays

A

ozone layer

26
Q

-inert, non-toxic, non–flammable
destroy O3 w UV (coolant/solvent)
-will stay between 55 to 140 years in the atmosphere from emission

A

chlorofluorocarbons

27
Q

control import of ozone depleting substances (ODS)

A

philippine ozone desk

28
Q

1987: 24 countries called for CFC reduction by 50% by 1990
1990: 90 countries vowed to stop all production of CFCs and Halons by 2000

A

montreal protocol

29
Q

alternative to CFC: decompose more readily; don’t build up in stratosphere

A

hydrochloroflurocarbons

30
Q

alternative to CFC: for refrigerants; but are flammable and contribute to global warming

A

hydrofluorocarbons

31
Q

hydrofluorocarbons banned due to its high global warming potential

A

kigali amendment

32
Q

-international body assessing the science related to climate change
-scientific assessments for governments

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

33
Q

1992: holds a COP almost every year

A

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

34
Q

1997: treaty extending UNFCCC
- reduce emissions by 5.2% compared to 1990 emissions by 2008
- carbon credit scheme
- extended until 2012

A

Kyoto protocol

35
Q

2012: covered 2013 to 2020
reduce emissions by 18% of 1990 emissions

A

Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol

36
Q
  • countries party to the UNFCCC meet
  • scientists and activists
  • try to reach agreement on collective action, funding, etc.
A

Yearly COP

37
Q

a global climate accord; to limit global warming to well below 2C above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit the temp inc to 1.5C

A

Paris agreement

38
Q
  • absorbs high energy x-rays, UV radiation, heat from sun
  • low air density
  • infrequent collisions of gas molecules
  • aurora lights
  • variation in height of top layer
A

thermosphere

39
Q

series of regions in parts w large electrically charged atoms and molecules
- higher conc of ions and free electrons

A

ionosphere

ENVI (LEC) 10.01 (10 decks)

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