Hydroelectric Energy Flashcards
it is essential to hydroelectric energy
gravity
an object as rest in a higher elevation has a _______________
gravitational potential energy
when the object moves to lower elevation, the potential energy is transformed into ____________
kinetic energy
it is the power generated by the energy from falling water or fast running water
hydropower
in the 19th century, hydropower was used to generate electricity called ___________
hydroelectricity
in large rivers, these were built to allow water to move from higher to lower elevation
dams
it is the height difference
head
water enters the intake at the bottom of the reservoir and flows through a tunnel or large pipe called ___________
penstock
water enters the intake at the bottom of the reservoir and flows through a tunnel or large pipe called penstock to reach the ____________
turbine
this causes the turbine to rotate and generate electricity
water pressure
when a reservoir is not in its full capacity even in high dams, the head is ___________
lower
depending on the need for electricity, the amount of water entering the penstock can be controlled in the ____________
intake
it is the largest hydroelectric dam in the Philippines
San Roque Dam in Pangasinan
the height of San Roque Dam in Pangasinan
200 meters
they can generate several hundred megawatts of electricity
large hydroelectric dams
after a specific time, a reservoir will be filled of ___________
sediments
environmental effects/ disadvantages of hydroelectric energy
- altering the river ecosystem
- displacing the communities living in the area that will be converted into a reservoir
in recent years run-of-the-river power has become more common and generates 10 to 30 MW of electricity
small-scale hydropower
further subdivided that can generate <500 kW
minihydro
has <100 kW capacity
microhydro
requirements for small-scale hydropower
sufficient flow and proper height of fall of water
a diversion structure that is constructed along the stream to divert water and allow it to flow through a canal
weir
a diversion structure that is constructed along the stream to divert water and allow it to flow through a canal called _______, into a forebay where sediments can settle
headrace
made of steel pipes
penstock
the difference in elevation of the high tide and low tide
large tidal range
a dam that is built in the tidal inlet and water is allowed to enter during high tide
barrage
the water in a barrage is then allowed to be released during ________ tide
low tide
as the water flows, a ___________ installed at the bottom of the structure generates electricity
turbine
advantages of hydroelectric energy
- used for irrigation
- fueled by water, making it a clean source of energy
