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Z Year3 Neuro Conditions > Hydrocephalus > Flashcards

Hydrocephalus Flashcards

1
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A
  • Excessive accumulation of CSF in the ventricular system in the brain
  • Results in raised ICP
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2
Q

What is classic epid for hydrocephalus?

A

Bimodal distribution (affects the young & elderly)

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3
Q

What are two causes of hydrocephalus?

A
  1. Non-communicating

2. Communicating

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4
Q

What is obstruction hydrocephalus?

A
  1. Stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct or the interventricular foramina
  2. Posterior fossa lesions (tumour, blood) compressing the 4th ventricle
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5
Q

What is communicating hydrocephalus?

A
  1. Decreased CSF absorption

2. Increased CSF production

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6
Q

What is normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)

A

Idiopathic chronic ventricular enlargement but without significantly elevated CSF pressure

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7
Q

What is the NPH triad?

A
  1. Urinary incontinence
  2. Gait apraxia
  3. Cognitive impairment
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8
Q

What is hydrocephalus ex vacuo?

A

Ventricular expansion secondary to brain atrophy, such as in Alzheimer’s Disease

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9
Q

What are acute onset symptoms of hydrocephalus?

A
  • Features of raised ICP
    1. Nausea & vomiting
    2. Headache
    3. Papilloedema
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10
Q

What are chronic onset symptoms of hydrocephalus?

A
  1. Cognitive impairment
  2. Unsteady gait
  3. Double vision
  4. CN palsies
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11
Q

What are the common signs in children for hydrocephalus?

A
  1. Sunset eyes

2. Skull enlargement

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12
Q

What is the 1st line investigation for hydrocephalus?

A

CT/MRI Head

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13
Q

What would CT/head show?

A
  1. Ventricular enlargement
  2. May show the cause
    (eg. tumour)
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14
Q

What other investigations are done for hydrocephalus?

A
  1. Levodopa challenge: no response
  2. CSF analysis
    - From ventricular drain
    - May show infection
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15
Q

Do you do LP in hydrocephalus?

A

NO LP AS RASIED ICP

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16
Q

What is the conservative management for hydrocephalus?

A

Lifestyle changes – smoking cessation, aerobic activity, reduced salt intake etc

17
Q

What is the medical management for hydrocephalus?

A
  1. Antihypertensives (BP control)

2. statins (cholesterol control) if necesary

18
Q

What is the surgical management for hydrocephalus?

A

ventriculoperitoneal shunting to drain CSF

19
Q

What are possible complications for hydrocephalus?

A
  1. Stroke
  2. Subdural haematoma
  3. Shunt infection

Z Year3 Neuro Conditions (34 decks)

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