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GCSE Chemistry 2 > Hydrocarbons - Topic 9 > Flashcards

Hydrocarbons - Topic 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the first 4 alkanes?

A
  • methane
  • ethane
  • propane
  • butane
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2
Q

What is the general formula of alkanes?

A
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3
Q

Why are alkanes saturated hydrocarbons

A
  • alkanes are saturated as they only contain single bonds in the molecule
  • contain no C=C double bonds
  • are compounds made of hydrogen and carbon only
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4
Q

Structure of alkenes in comparison to alkanes:

A
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5
Q

Why are alkenes unsaturated?

A

contain double carbon bond C=C

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6
Q

What is the functional group of alkenes?

A

C=C

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7
Q

Addition reaction of ethene + bromine:

A

Ethene + bromine -> 1,2-dibromoethane

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8
Q

What happens to the double bond C=C in the ethene + bromine reaction?

A

the C=C bond is broken which allows the Br2 molecules to bond to C forming 2 x C-Br molecules

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9
Q

How is bromine water used to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes?

A
  • alkenes react with bromine water turning it from orange to colourless
    • react at room temperature
  • alkanes do not react with bromine water
    • alkanes can only undergo a substitution reaction
    • in UV light
    • one Br will substitute into alkane + other Br produces HBr
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10
Q

What does the complete combustion of alkanes and alkenes involve?

A
  • the complete combustion of alkanes and alkenes involves the oxidation of the hydrocarbons to produce carbon dioxide and water
  • the combustion of hydrocarbons releases energy
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11
Q

Equation for complete combustion of alkanes and alkenes:

A

alkane/alkene + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

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12
Q

Methane molecular formula + displayed formula:

A
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13
Q

Propane molecular formula + displayed formula:

A
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14
Q

Butane molecular formula + displayed formula:

A
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15
Q

Ethene molecular formula + displayed formula:

A
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16
Q

Propene molecular formula + displayed formula:

A
17
Q

Butene molecular formula + displayed formula:

A
18
Q

How do you draw branched alkanes?

A

2-methylbutane
- 2 indicates the position of the branch
- methyl indicates that there is only one carbon in the branch

2,2-dimethylbutane
- 2,2 position of each carbon branches
- di indicates that there are 2 carbon branches
- methyl indicates that there is only one carbon in each of the 2 branches

19
Q

Why do alkenes react with bromine solution and not alkanes?

A
  • alkenes react with bromine solution as they are unsaturated
  • alkanes don’t react with bromine solution as they are saturated
20
Q

Ethane molecular formula + displayed formula:

A

GCSE Chemistry 2 (29 decks)

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