Group 8/0 - Topic 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Why are noble gases chemically inert?

A
  • They have full outer shells so 8 electrons in their outer shell (except helium, which has 2- but this shell is still full)
  • Their electronic configurations demonstrate their full outer shells and this makes them unreactive with other elements because they are very stable
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2
Q

Symbol for helium:

A

He

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3
Q

Electronic configuration of helium:

A

2

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4
Q

Uses of helium + explanation:

A
  • airships - low density, less dense than air
  • MRI - doesn’t dissolve in water
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5
Q

Symbol for neon:

A

Ne

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6
Q

Electronic configuration of neon:

A

2, 8

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7
Q

Uses of neon + explanation:

A
  • neon lights - gas glows when current passes through it
  • luminous tubing
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8
Q

Symbol for argon:

A

Ar

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9
Q

Electronic configuration of argon:

A

2,8,8

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10
Q

Uses of argon + explanation:

A
  • light bulbs
    • protects filament from reacting with O2/N as it is inert so doesn’t react with wire and can get hot with combusting, stops filament burning away as it is inert and not flammable
    • argon is used in light bulb as it is inert meaning it is unreactive due to it being noble gas and have a full outer shell (stable electronic structure) - so doesn’t need to go gain/lose/transfer/share any electrons as it doesn’t need to form any bonds to gain a full outer shell
  • welding - to create inert environment to prevent metal reacting with O2
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11
Q

Symbol for krypton:

A

Kr

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12
Q

Electronic configuration of krypton:

A

2,8,18,18,8 or 2,8,8,18

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13
Q

Uses of krypton + explanation:

A
  • used to generate lasers
  • light bulbs
    • protects filament from reacting with O2/N as it is inert so doesn’t react with wire and can get hot without combusting, stops filament burning away as it is inert and not flammable, unreactive with hot metal filament
    • as it is inert meaning it is unreactive due to it being noble gas and have a full outer shell (stable electronic structure) - so doesn’t need to go gain/lose/transfer/share any electrons as it doesn’t need to form any bonds to gain a full outer shell
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14
Q

Symbol for xenon:

A

Xe

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15
Q

Electronic configuration of xenon:

A

2,8,18,18,8

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16
Q

Uses of xenon + explanation:

A
  • used to generate lasers
  • light bulbs
    • protects filament from reacting with O2/N as it is inert so doesn’t react with wire and can get hot without combusting, stops filament burning away as it is inert and not flammable, unreactive with hot metal filament
    • as it is inert meaning it is unreactive due to it being noble gas and have a full outer shell (stable electronic structure) - so doesn’t need to go gain/lose/transfer/share any electrons as it doesn’t need to form any bonds to gain a full outer shell
17
Q

Symbol for radon:

A

Rn

18
Q

Electronic configuration of radon:

A

2,8,18,32,18,8

19
Q

Uses of radon + explanation:

A
  • no good uses
  • radioactive gas
  • carcinogenic so causes cancer + health problems
  • dangerous
  • produced as a byproduct of the decomposition of uranium
20
Q

List all the noble gases:

A
  • Helium (He)
  • Neon (Ne)
  • Argon (Ar)
  • Krypton (Kr)
  • Xenon (Xe)
  • Radon (Rn)
21
Q

Why is argon unreactive, like helium, but has a higher boiling point than helium?

A
  • unreactive due to full outer shell meaning it is very stable
  • higher bp as it is larger than He so more and stronger forces between atoms
22
Q

Why were the noble gases not discovered until recently?

A
  • colourless gases in relatively low abundance that don’t react with anything
23
Q

Boiling point vs atomic number for noble gases graph:

A
  • due to strong stronger IMFs
  • boiling points and densities of the noble gases increase with increasing relative atomic mass (going down the group) as the atom gets larger so there are more forces between atoms (stronger) which needs more energy to overcome so higher MPT
24
Q

What is the structure of noble gases and what is their appearance like?

A
  • monatomic
  • colourless gases at RTP
25
Q

How do the boiling points and densities of noble gases change and why?

A
  • boiling points and densities of the noble gases increase with increasing relative atomic mass (going down the group 0/8) and the atom gets larger which means there are more forces between atoms (stronger) which needs more energy to overcome to stronger MPT
  • forces of attraction between noble gases increase down Group 8/0 like halogens due to stronger IMFs
26
Q

How does the reactivity of the noble gases change?

A

reactivity of noble gases increases as you go down Group 8/0