Hydrocarbons, paper 2 Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound made up of just hydrogen and carbon.
What is crude oil?
- non-renewable
- mixture of hydrocarbons
- dark liquid
- hydrocarbons cost a lot due to the high cost of separating them out of crude oil.
Examples of alkanes:
- methANE
- ethANE
- propANE
- butANE
What’s the formula for alkanes?
C(n)H(2n+2)
What’s the trend in flammability in the alkanes?
Gets less flammable as you go down the group.
What’s the trend in melting and boiling points in the alkanes?
They get higher as you go down the group.
What’s methane mainly used for?
Cooking gas.
What’s kerosene used for?
Airplane fuel.
What’s bitumen used for?
For surfacing roads.
As the chin length in the alkanes increases what happens to the viscosity?
It increases
As the chin length in the alkanes increases what happens to the volatility?
It decreases.
What does complete combustion of hydrocarbon make?
Carbon dioxide and water.
What does incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon make?
Carbon monoxide + carbon + water.
Why can combustion be incomplete?
Lack of oxygen in the reaction.
How can we test if the reaction has undertook complete combustion?
Use limewater and see if it turns cloudy to test if there is a presents of CO2
Experiment to crack hydrocarbons:
- add mineral wool in boiling tube
- use pipet to add hydrocarbon or paraffin.
- clamp and add catalyst.
- heat catalyst then paraffin.
- collect gas through deliver tube into another tube, use condensation.
What’s the formula for a alkenes?
C(n)H(2n)
What are alkenes used for?
- used for polymers.
How to test to see if a substance is a alkene or alkane?
Add both to a yellow bromine water:
- when the alkane is added there is no clout change or reaction.
- when the alkene is added the bromine water will turn colourless.
