HYDROCARBONS AND ITS DERIVATIVES

Question 1

Most unique thing about the carbon
atom is its ability to

Answer 1

combine with itself.

Question 2

This unusual ability allows carbon atoms
to form all ____, making countless
organic compounds.

Answer 2

kinds of chainlike and ring-
shaped molecules

Question 3

Elemental carbon can exist in many
different forms called ___.

Answer 3

allotropes

Question 4

are forms of the same element that have different bonding patterns or arrangements

Answer 4

Allotropes

Question 5

What are the characteristic of a carbon

Answer 5

• can bond with itself
• can form four bonds
• can form branched and cyclic compounds

Question 6

ALLOTROPES OF CARBON

Answer 6

Graphite
Diamond
BC8
Fullerene
Nanotube
Graphene

Question 7

soft abundant allotrope of carbon

Answer 7

Graphite

Question 8

The carbon atoms in graphite are
arranged in sheets or layers, held
together by weak ___.

Answer 8

attractive forces

Question 9

is used in making pencils. The so-called “lead” in pencils is actually pulverized graphite mixed with clay.

Answer 9

Graphite

Question 10

DIAMOND

The carbon atom is bonded to four
other carbon atoms in a ___
pattern.

Answer 10

TETRAHEDRAL

Question 11

hardest natural substance known on earth

Answer 11

Diamond

Question 12

When carbon compounds decompose,
other carbon allotropes are produced
called ?

Answer 12

AMORPHOUS CARBON

Question 13

Amorphous means ____ & ____, that is why this allotrope has no definite arrangement.

Answer 13

‘shapeless’ or ‘harmless’

Question 14

Examples of amorphous carbon are

Answer 14

soot, charcoal, bon black, and coke

Question 15

are globe-shaped, cage like arrangements of carbon atoms.

Answer 15

Fullerenes

Question 16

They are also called carbon balls because of their resemblance to tiny soccer balls

Answer 16

Fullerenes

Question 17

FULLERENES

Was named for ____ (1895- 1983), famous for his geodesic dome designs.

Answer 17

R. Buckminster Fuller

Question 18

A research team has discovered
fullerene that attacks an enzyme that is
found in the virus that causes ____.

Answer 18

AIDS

Question 19

Carbon can form a maximum of ___
bonds.

Answer 19

four

Question 20

An ___ compound may contain all single bonds or combinations of double or triple bonds.

Answer 20

organic

Question 21

The formation of multiple bonds is due to the ____ of carbon atom.

Answer 21

hybridization

Question 22

True or false

Carbon is capable of forming simple
compounds such as methane, CH4, to
highly complex compounds such as
morphine.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

defined as the study of carbon containing compounds.

In early days of chemistry, ____ was
originally defined as the study of
compounds obtained from living
organisms.

Answer 23

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Question 24

states that an organic compound can
be only produced by the vital forces of
living organisms.

Answer 24

THEORY OF VITALISM

Question 25

able to synthesize urea from ammonium cyanate, an inorganic compound.

Answer 25

FRIEDRICH WOHLER

Question 26

Organic compounds consist of mainly of carbon atoms. Other atoms such as H, N, O, S, P, and the halogens are also bonded to carbon atom.

Answer 26

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Question 27

contain carbons usually bonded to hydrogen

Answer 27

Organic compounds

Question 28

Methane, sugar, ethanol , DNA

Answer 28

Organic compound

Question 29

Usually don’t contain carbon

Answer 29

Inorganic compound

Question 30

are one of the main air pollutants from carbon compounds in fuels. Examples are octane, propane, and methane.

Answer 30

HYDROCARBONS

Question 31

are compounds that contain only two kinds of bonds – carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Answer 31

hydrocarbons

Question 32

Being ____ molecules, hydrocarbons are poor conductors of electricity and have low boiling and melting points.

Answer 32

non polar

Question 33

Most of these hydrocarbons are deposited beneath the Earth’s surface in the form of ____

Answer 33

petroleum and natural gas

Question 34

Hydrocarbons may be divided into four (4) classes:

Answer 34

alkanes, alkene, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons

Question 35

is another reason why there are so many organic compounds

Answer 35

Isomerism

Question 36

are those organic compounds with the same molecular formula, but with different bond orders.

Answer 36

Isomerism

Question 37

isomers in which atoms have different partners.

Answer 37

Structural

Question 38

____in which atoms have the same partners but are differs in dimensional space

Answer 38

Stereoisomers

Question 39

BONDING CAPACITY OF H?

Answer 39

1

Question 40

BONDING CAPACITY OF O?

Answer 40

2

Question 41

BONDING CAPACITY OF HALOGENS (F, CL, BR, I)?

Answer 41

1

Question 42

BONDING CAPACITY OF S?

Answer 42

2

Question 43

BONDING CAPACITY OF N & P?

Answer 43

3

Question 44

BONDING CAPACITY OF C?

Answer 44

4

Question 45

Hydrocarbons can be A____ & A___

Answer 45

Aliphatic & Aromatic

Question 46

Categories of Aliphatic

Answer 46

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes

Question 47

Hydrocarbon containing only single carbon-carbon bonds.

Answer 47

SATURATED HYDROCARBON

Question 48

Hydrocarbon containing at least 1 double or triple carbon-carbon bond.

Answer 48

UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON

Question 49

Group of related compounds in which each member differs from the one before it by the same additional unit. Ex: Methane, Ethane….

Answer 49

HOMOLOGOUS SERIES

Question 50

Most fundamental class of organic compounds

Answer 50

Alkanes

Question 51

Also called the paraffins or saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 51

Alkanes

Question 52

Formula of Alkane

Answer 52

CnH2n+2

Question 53

They are called saturated hydrocarbons because they have a carbon chain that is filled to capacity with hydrogen atom

Answer 53

Alkane

Question 54

- Prefix = No. of carbons - Suffix = - ane - Straight or branched - Methane, propane, butane, and octane

Answer 54

Alkane

Question 55

- has a cyclic or ring structure; - the smallest ring contains three carbon atoms.

Answer 55

Cycloalkanes

Question 56

Formula of Cycloalkane

Answer 56

CnH2n

Question 57

- Nonpolar. - Boiling point increase as # of carbon atoms increase. (van der Waals forces increase with size). - Insoluble in water. (Like dissolves like.)

Answer 57

PROPERTIES OF ALKANES

Question 58

term ‘aromatic’ came up because earlier compounds found with a ring structure had pleasant fragrances.

Answer 58

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Question 59

One of the most important examples of aromatic hydrocarbons is ___.

Answer 59

benzene

Question 60

First isolated benzene

Answer 60

Michael Faraday

Question 61

proposed the benzene structure in 1865

Answer 61

Friedrich August Kekule

Question 62

are hydrocarbons that contain a C=C double bond in the continuous carbon-atom chain.

Answer 62

Alkenes

Question 63

Formula of Alkene

Answer 63

CnH2n

Question 64

Alkenes are also called ___. This means some of the oil molecule contain a double bond.

Answer 64

olefins

Question 65

Homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing 1 carbon- carbon triple bond

Answer 65

Alkynes

Question 66

Formula of Alkynes

Answer 66

CnH2n–2

Question 67

HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES

Answer 67

Alcohols Ethers Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic Acid Ester

Question 68

A ____ is a reactive group of atoms (eg. –OH)

Answer 68

functional group

Question 69

An organic compound containing the hydroxyl, –OH, functional group

Answer 69

Alcohol

Question 70

- Have the general formula of R—OH - The “R” represents the alkyl group - Example: CH3—CH2—OH

Answer 70

Alcohol

Question 71

3 CLASSES OF ALCOHOLS

Answer 71

Primary Secondary Tertiary

Question 72

the OH group is bonded to a carbon that is only bonded to one other carbon

Answer 72

Primary Alcohol

Question 73

the OH group is bonded to a carbon that is only bonded to two other carbon atoms

Answer 73

Secondary

Question 74

the OH group is bonded to a carbon that is only bonded to two other carbon atoms

Answer 74

Secondary

Question 75

the OH group is bonded to a carbon that is only bonded to three other carbon atoms

Answer 75

Tertiary alcohol

Question 76

An organic compound that has two alkyl groups joined by an oxygen atom

Answer 76

Ether

Question 77

- Has the general formula of R—O—R` - R and R` indicate two alkyl groups - The can be the same or different

Answer 77

Ether

Question 78

Ethers contain an ___ hybridized oxygen atom

Answer 78

sp3

Question 79

True or False Ethers do not hydrogen bond between each other, but will hydrogen bond with water and alcohols

Answer 79

True

Question 80

True or False Ethers are non-polar and water INSOLUBLE

Answer 80

Ethers are polar and water soluble

Question 81

Contain a carbonyl functional group C=O

Answer 81

Aldehyde

Question 82

Has the general formula R-CHO

Answer 82

Aldehyde

Question 83

Have characteristic scents and tastes Example – Cinnamon or Formaldehyde

Answer 83

Aldehyde

Question 84

- Contain the carbonyl group C=O - Has an alkyl group on either side of the C=O - General formula R-CO-R`

Answer 84

Ketones

Question 85

- Contain the carbonyl group C=O - Has an alkyl group on either side of the C=O - General formula R-CO-R`

Answer 85

Ketones

Question 86

3 Types of Ketone Bodies

Answer 86

ACETOACETATE BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID ACETONE

Question 87

Created from the breakdown of fatty acids. Either converted into BHB or turned into acetone.

Answer 87

Acetoacetate

Question 88

• Formed from acetoacetate. • Not technically a ketone because of its structure, but we consider it as one within the keto diet.

Answer 88

BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID

Question 89

• Created as a side product of acetoacetate. • Breaks down quickly. • Is removed from the body through the waste or the breath

Answer 89

Acetone

Question 90

- General formula of R—COOH - Polar molecules - Soluble in water - Have high MP and BP

Answer 90

Carboxylic Acid

Question 91

- Derivatives of carboxylic acids - Contains the functional group - General formula RCOOR

Answer 91

Ester