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BIOCHEM (LEC) > HYDROCARBONS AND ITS DERIVATIVES > Flashcards

HYDROCARBONS AND ITS DERIVATIVES Flashcards

1
Q

Most unique thing about the carbon
atom is its ability to

A

combine with itself.

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2
Q

This unusual ability allows carbon atoms
to form all ____, making countless
organic compounds.

A

kinds of chainlike and ring-
shaped molecules

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3
Q

Elemental carbon can exist in many
different forms called ___.

A

allotropes

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4
Q

are forms of the same element that have different bonding patterns or arrangements

A

Allotropes

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5
Q

What are the characteristic of a carbon

A
  • can bond with itself
  • can form four bonds
  • can form branched and cyclic compounds
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6
Q

ALLOTROPES OF CARBON

A

Graphite
Diamond
BC8
Fullerene
Nanotube
Graphene

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7
Q

soft abundant allotrope of carbon

A

Graphite

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8
Q

The carbon atoms in graphite are
arranged in sheets or layers, held
together by weak ___.

A

attractive forces

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9
Q

is used in making pencils. The so-called “lead” in pencils is actually pulverized graphite mixed with clay.

A

Graphite

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10
Q

DIAMOND

The carbon atom is bonded to four
other carbon atoms in a ___
pattern.

A

TETRAHEDRAL

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11
Q

hardest natural substance known on earth

A

Diamond

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12
Q

When carbon compounds decompose,
other carbon allotropes are produced
called ?

A

AMORPHOUS CARBON

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13
Q

Amorphous means ____ & ____, that is why this allotrope has no definite arrangement.

A

‘shapeless’ or ‘harmless’

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14
Q

Examples of amorphous carbon are

A

soot, charcoal, bon black, and coke

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15
Q

are globe-shaped, cage like arrangements of carbon atoms.

A

Fullerenes

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16
Q

They are also called carbon balls because of their resemblance to tiny soccer balls

A

Fullerenes

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17
Q

FULLERENES

Was named for ____ (1895- 1983), famous for his geodesic dome designs.

A

R. Buckminster Fuller

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18
Q

A research team has discovered
fullerene that attacks an enzyme that is
found in the virus that causes ____.

A

AIDS

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19
Q

Carbon can form a maximum of ___
bonds.

A

four

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20
Q

An ___ compound may contain all single bonds or combinations of double or triple bonds.

A

organic

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21
Q

The formation of multiple bonds is due to the ____ of carbon atom.

A

hybridization

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22
Q

True or false

Carbon is capable of forming simple
compounds such as methane, CH4, to
highly complex compounds such as
morphine.

A

True

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23
Q

defined as the study of carbon containing compounds.

In early days of chemistry, ____ was
originally defined as the study of
compounds obtained from living
organisms.

A

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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24
Q

states that an organic compound can
be only produced by the vital forces of
living organisms.

A

THEORY OF VITALISM

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25
Q

able to synthesize urea from ammonium cyanate, an inorganic compound.

A

FRIEDRICH WOHLER

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26
Q

Organic compounds consist of mainly of
carbon atoms.

Other atoms such as H, N, O, S, P, and the halogens are also bonded to carbon atom.

A

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

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27
Q

contain carbons usually bonded to hydrogen

A

Organic compounds

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28
Q

Methane, sugar, ethanol , DNA

A

Organic compound

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29
Q

Usually don’t contain carbon

A

Inorganic compound

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30
Q

are one of the main air pollutants
from carbon compounds in fuels.

Examples are octane, propane, and
methane.

A

HYDROCARBONS

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31
Q

are compounds that contain only two
kinds of bonds – carbon-carbon and
carbon-hydrogen bonds.

A

hydrocarbons

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32
Q

Being ____ molecules, hydrocarbons are poor conductors of electricity and have low boiling and melting points.

A

non polar

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33
Q

Most of these hydrocarbons are deposited beneath the Earth’s surface in
the form of ____

A

petroleum and natural gas

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34
Q

Hydrocarbons may be divided into four
(4) classes:

A

alkanes, alkene, alkynes,
and aromatic hydrocarbons

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35
Q

is another reason why there are so
many organic compounds

A

Isomerism

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36
Q

are those organic compounds with the
same molecular formula, but with
different bond orders.

A

Isomerism

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37
Q

isomers in which atoms have different partners.

A

Structural

38
Q

____in which atoms have the same partners but are differs in dimensional space

A

Stereoisomers

39
Q

BONDING CAPACITY OF H?

A

1

40
Q

BONDING CAPACITY OF O?

A

2

41
Q

BONDING CAPACITY OF HALOGENS
(F, CL, BR, I)?

A

1

42
Q

BONDING CAPACITY OF S?

A

2

43
Q

BONDING CAPACITY OF N & P?

A

3

44
Q

BONDING CAPACITY OF C?

A

4

45
Q

Hydrocarbons can be A____ & A___

A

Aliphatic & Aromatic

46
Q

Categories of Aliphatic

A

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes

47
Q

Hydrocarbon containing only single
carbon-carbon bonds.

A

SATURATED HYDROCARBON

48
Q

Hydrocarbon containing at least 1
double or triple carbon-carbon bond.

A

UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON

49
Q

Group of related compounds in which
each member differs from the one before it by the same additional unit.

Ex: Methane, Ethane….

A

HOMOLOGOUS SERIES

50
Q

Most fundamental class of organic
compounds

A

Alkanes

51
Q

Also called the paraffins or saturated
hydrocarbons

A

Alkanes

52
Q

Formula of Alkane

A

CnH2n+2

53
Q

They are called saturated hydrocarbons
because they have a carbon chain that is
filled to capacity with hydrogen atom

A

Alkane

54
Q
  • Prefix = No. of carbons
  • Suffix = - ane
  • Straight or branched
  • Methane, propane, butane, and octane
A

Alkane

55
Q
  • has a cyclic or ring structure;
  • the smallest ring contains three carbon
    atoms.
A

Cycloalkanes

56
Q

Formula of Cycloalkane

A

CnH2n

57
Q
  • Nonpolar.
  • Boiling point increase as # of carbon atoms increase. (van der Waals forces increase with size).
  • Insoluble in water. (Like dissolves like.)
A

PROPERTIES OF ALKANES

58
Q

term ‘aromatic’ came up because earlier
compounds found with a ring structure
had pleasant fragrances.

A

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

59
Q

One of the most important examples of
aromatic hydrocarbons is ___.

A

benzene

60
Q

First isolated benzene

A

Michael Faraday

61
Q

proposed the benzene structure in 1865

A

Friedrich August Kekule

62
Q

are hydrocarbons that contain a C=C double bond in the continuous carbon-atom chain.

A

Alkenes

63
Q

Formula of Alkene

A

CnH2n

64
Q

Alkenes are also called ___. This
means some of the oil molecule contain
a double bond.

A

olefins

65
Q

Homologous series of unsaturated
hydrocarbons containing 1 carbon-
carbon triple bond

A

Alkynes

66
Q

Formula of Alkynes

A

CnH2n–2

67
Q

HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES

A

Alcohols
Ethers
Aldehydes
Ketones
Carboxylic Acid
Ester

68
Q

A ____ is a reactive group of atoms (eg. –OH)

A

functional group

69
Q

An organic compound containing the
hydroxyl, –OH, functional group

A

Alcohol

70
Q
  • Have the general formula of R—OH
  • The “R” represents the alkyl group
  • Example: CH3—CH2—OH
A

Alcohol

71
Q

3 CLASSES OF ALCOHOLS

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

72
Q

the OH group is bonded to a carbon
that is only bonded to one other carbon

A

Primary Alcohol

73
Q

the OH group is bonded to a carbon
that is only bonded to two other carbon
atoms

A

Secondary

74
Q

the OH group is bonded to a carbon
that is only bonded to two other carbon
atoms

A

Secondary

75
Q

the OH group is bonded to a carbon
that is only bonded to three other carbon atoms

A

Tertiary alcohol

76
Q

An organic compound that has two alkyl
groups joined by an oxygen atom

A

Ether

77
Q
  • Has the general formula of R—O—R`
  • R and R` indicate two alkyl groups
  • The can be the same or different
A

Ether

78
Q

Ethers contain an ___ hybridized
oxygen atom

A

sp3

79
Q

True or False

Ethers do not hydrogen bond between
each other, but will hydrogen bond with
water and alcohols

A

True

80
Q

True or False

Ethers are non-polar and water INSOLUBLE

A

Ethers are polar and water soluble

81
Q

Contain a carbonyl functional group
C=O

A

Aldehyde

82
Q

Has the general formula R-CHO

A

Aldehyde

83
Q

Have characteristic scents and tastes

Example – Cinnamon or
Formaldehyde

A

Aldehyde

84
Q
  • Contain the carbonyl group C=O
  • Has an alkyl group on either side of the
    C=O
  • General formula R-CO-R`
A

Ketones

85
Q
  • Contain the carbonyl group C=O
  • Has an alkyl group on either side of the
    C=O
  • General formula R-CO-R`
A

Ketones

86
Q

3 Types of Ketone Bodies

A

ACETOACETATE
BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID
ACETONE

87
Q

Created from the breakdown of fatty acids.

Either converted into BHB or turned into acetone.

A

Acetoacetate

88
Q

• Formed from acetoacetate.
• Not technically a ketone because of its structure, but we consider it as one within the keto diet.

A

BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID

89
Q

• Created as a side product of acetoacetate.
• Breaks down quickly.
• Is removed from the body through the waste or the breath

A

Acetone

90
Q
  • General formula of R—COOH
  • Polar molecules
  • Soluble in water
  • Have high MP and BP
A

Carboxylic Acid

91
Q
  • Derivatives of carboxylic acids
  • Contains the functional group
  • General formula RCOOR
A

Ester

BIOCHEM (LEC) (5 decks)

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