Hydrocarbons and Alchahols Flashcards
What does it mean if a hydrocarbon is unsaturated?
The compound has carbon to carbon double bonds
What does it mean if a hydrocarbon is saturated?
The compound has carbon single bonds
What is the test to see if a liquid is unsaturated?
orange - colourless
What is an isomer?
compounds with the same mollecular formula, diffrent structural formula
What is a homologous series?
family of compounds with the same general formula but similar chemical properties
What is the first member of the alkanes?
methane
What is the first member of the alkenes?
ethene
What is the first member of the cycloalkanes?
cyclopropene
What is the general formula for Alkanes?
C2H2n+2
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?
CnH2n
what groups are isomers?
Alkenes + Cycloalkanes
What is the general formula for cycloalkenes
CnH2n-2
What is an exothermic reaction
when heat EXITS (gets released) into it’s surroundings
What is an endothermic reaction
when heat is taken in from surroundings
How can you improve the “energy released” experiment?
use a drought shield to prevent heat loss
have a good supply of oxygen to prevent incomplete combustions
What does the E in E=CM∆T stand for
Energy Released
What does the C in E=CM∆T stand for
4.18kj kg-1 ℃-1
What does the M in E=CM∆T stand for
Mass of Water
What MUST you do to the mass when calculating E=CM∆T
convert to litres
Alkene + water =
Alchohols
What are the 3 addition reactions
Bromination
Hydrogenation
Hydration
What is the function group of alchohols
hydroxyl group
What is the function group of carboxylic acids
carboxyl group
What do acids end in
oic
What do salts end in
oate
What happens when the carbon chain (formula mass) increases?
the solubility decreases
What is the general formula for Alchohols
CnH2n+1OH
What is the formula for Carboxylic acids?
CnH2n+1COOH
Why do bigger carbon chains have higher melting and boiling points
as the carbon chain length increases, the no. of electrons increases which makes bonds stronger
= they need more energy to be broken down
Alkene + Bromine solution
Dibromoalkane
Alkene + Hydrogen
Alkane
Alkene+water
Alchohol
When is only one product made during hydrogenation
Even no of carbons
Double bond in the middle
What is an incomplete combustion
When a substance burns in a limited supply of oxygen
What acid does vinegar have
Ethanol acid
Won’t kill you
What are alkenes used for
Making plastic
What are alkane used for
Gas (heating,cooking,lighter fluid)
What are carboxylic acids for
Cleaning products
