Hydrocarbons Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound formed with hydrogen and carbon.
What is an alkane?
The simplest form of a hydrocarbon.
Saturated-form 4 single covalent bonds.
What are the 4 first alkanes?
Methane Ethane Propane Butane Mice eat peanut butter
What happens as the chain gets longer?
Properties change
What happens when the chain is shorter?
Turns into gas at a lower tempertaure(more volatile).
Lower boiling point.
More runny
More flammable
When does complete combustion occur?
When there’s plenty of oxygen.
Releases a lot of energy
Water products are CO2 and water
What happens during combustion?
Hydrocarbon is oxidised
What is crude oil?
A fossil fuel made from compressed animal and plant remains.
They’re finite and will run out.
Mix of hydrocarbons
How can crude oil be separated into different oils?
Fractional distillation.
What’s the process of fractional distillation?
Oil is heated until it turns to gas.
Enters a fractionating column.
Temperature gradient is got to cool.
The hydrocarbons with different boiling points drain off at certain points.
They’re divided into different fractions.
Why is crude oil important in modern life?
Fuel for transport
Used to make new compounds
What is cracking?
Splitting up long chain hydrocarbons.
What is used to test for alkenes?
Orange bromine water is decolorised.
