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Exploitation of the Sea 2 > Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Hydrocarbons Flashcards

1
Q

What do oil platforms?

A

Extracts oil

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1
Q

What do dispersants contain?

A

Oil based compounds

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2
Q

How are hydrocarbons found?

A

Seismic surveys

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2
Q

What does oil do?

A

Direct coating in oil

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4
Q

How is oil formed?

A

Anaerobic decomposition of these organisms

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5
Q

What does test drilling do?

A

Establishes where the oil is

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6
Q

Where does oil impact?

A

Rocky shores, magroves, open ocean, beaches

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7
Q

What do the radars do?

A

Reflect energy which is recorded

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8
Q

What are the physiological impacts?

A

Lethal toxicity

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9
Q

What does oil do to marine turtle eggs?

A

Impacts survival and hatchling development

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10
Q

How does satellite remote sensing of oil spills work?

A

Radar in space

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10
Q

How is oil cleaned up?

A

Booms and skimmers at sea

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11
Q

What does oil do to bird feeding?

A

Causes it to cease as the organs become impacted by toxic effects

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12
Q

Where are hydrocarbons usually formed?

A

Continental shelves

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12
Q

What are the direct effects of oil?

A

Modifies feeding behaviour, impairs breathing, changes preening, heat regulation fails, fail to react to predators, displacement

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13
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Marine deposits

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14
Q

What happens if the pressure is low?

A

Requires pumping out to force the liquid out

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14
Q

What are the sub-lethal disruptions of behaviour caused by oil?

A

Avoid predation, find food

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15
Q

When was deepwater horizon?

A

2010

17
Q

What do seismic noise reflections create?

A

Images of the seabed

18
Q

What do aerial dispersants reduce?

A

Oil on beach and contact with wildlife

20
Q

What are the problems with hydrocarbons?

A

Exploration and extraction, transportation

20
Q

When was exxon valdez?`

A

1989

21
Q

What does exposure to oil cause in marine turtles?

A

Causes salt gland to fail, epithelium to breakdown = infections

22
Q

What is bioremediation?

A

Natural resources from ecosystems enhanced so oil consuming bacteria helps clean up

23
Q

When was torrey canyon?

A

1967

24
Q

What does oil do to the endocrine system?

A

Disrupts the hormone systems

24
Q

What are the downstream effects of oil?

A

Bioaccummulation

26
Q

How are oil reserves explores?

A

Using drilling rig

27
Q

How does oil impair breathing?

A

Come to surface, emerging through slick

28
Q

Which country has lots of oil reserves?

A

Canada

29
Q

Why do auks suffer more?

A

Sit on the surface and have short flight ranges

30
Q

What are 3 oil spills?

A

Torrey Canyon, Exxon Valdex, Deepwater horizon

32
Q

How can oil be removed from the coast line?

A

Scrape off, pressure hose back into the sea

33
Q

What does oil causes in feathers?

A

Matting, waterproofing, cannot thermo regulate

34
Q

What does oil cause birds to increase?

A

Preening, ingest large quanitites

36
Q

How are hydrocarbons formed?

A

Small animals that have died millennia ago and under compression

37
Q

Why are ranges of devices used?

A

Produces different frequencies depending on how far they want to penetrate

39
Q

What does a GNOME do?

A

Predicts movement of oil spills using open-source software with wind and current data

40
Q

What does FPSO stand for?

A

Floating production, storage and offloading vessel

41
Q

What does physical washing of oil from the surface lead to?

A

Deeper penetration of oil into the ground = more bioaccumulation

42
Q

What are the devices for seismic surveys?

A

Air guns, Sparkers, Boomers, Pingers, Chirp system

43
Q

Why does oil particularly affect breathing in turtles?

A

Large tidal volume, short deep respiration

44
Q

What do aerial dispersants do?

A

Break down by wave action

45
Q

What are aerial dispersants?

A

Fairy liquid on steroids

46
Q

What is a benefit of satellite remote sensing?

A

Weather independent

47
Q

How do seismic surveys work?

A

Drag buoys with listening station

Exploitation of the Sea 2 (3 decks)

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