hydro/carbon

Question 1

Explain the concept of dynamic equilibrium in relation to the water cycle. 4 points

Answer 1

balance
change in inputs/outputs
upset by storms
what above means for the dynamic equilibrium

Question 2

Assess the relative importance of physical and human factors in driving changes in the water cycle at drainage basin scale ( essay points)

Answer 2

human: abstraction, deforestation, farming practices, urbanisation
physical: drought, el Nino, wildfires, seasonal variations, rainfall, storms

Question 3

Outline seasonal changes in the water balance 4 points

Answer 3

1. summer/winter variation describe
2. winter flows decrease stores increase
3. summer opposite
4. interception highest when deciduous trees have leave - also more water is lost through transpiration/evaporation

Question 4

Explain how human activities can change the carbon cycle over time 5 points

Answer 4

1. fossil fuels
2. carbon sequestration
3. deforestation
4. meat based diet increase/more cattle/more methane
5. afforestation

Question 5

Outline the process of carbon sequestration (4 points)

Answer 5

1. defintiion
2. types inc biologic and geologic
3. biologic def
4. geologic def

Question 6

outline the process of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle 4 points

Answer 6

definition
plants take co2 from atmosphere
combine with water and light energy
glucose and oxygen produced
c02 released again when respire and decomposition

Question 7

outline role of living organisms in the carbon cycle 4 points

Answer 7

1. plants photosynthesis
2. animals plants respire
3. decomposition
4. effects of decomposition

Question 8

Outline how changes to the carbon cycle can affect the oceans 4 marks

Answer 8

.1. increased acidity

2. increased atmospheric co2 leads to increased ocean temps
3. organisms can’t adapt - die
4. warmer water less able to absorb co2 - co2 in water decreases

Question 9

outline how natural processes can change the carbon cycle

Answer 9

1. wildfires

2. volcanic activity

Question 10

outline how humans can impact the carbon cycle

Answer 10

1. hydrocarbon extraction
2. deforestation
3. land use changes
4. farming practices

Question 11

DEFINE CARBON CYCLE

Answer 11

The series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment,

Question 12

DEFINE WATER CYCLE

Answer 12

the cycle of processes by which water circulates between the earth’s oceans, atmosphere, and land,

Question 13

Assess the extent to which feedbacks in the carbon and water cycles may affect life on earth essay structure

Answer 13

intro: define water/carbon/pos/neg feedbacks
1. feedbacks in carbon cycle
2. feedbacks in water cycle
3. other factors that affect life on earth
conc : opinionated conclusion “assess the extent” clear

Question 14

To what extent is human activity affecting the water cycle and the carbon cycle in tropical rainforest essay structure

Answer 14

intro: amazon rainforest facts and relationship with water/carbon cycle

para 1. human activity on water
para 2. human activity on carbon
para 3. human attempts to limit e.g. natural parks/law/ afforestation/selective logging

conc: opinionated conclusion assess the extent clear

Question 15

14. Assess the extent to which changes in the water cycle have affected flood risk or sustainable water supply in a drainage basin you have studied

Answer 15

intro: about river eden location and a brief summary of what ur gunna talk about

para 1. issues with flooding that eden faces and water supply
para 2: changes in water cycle affect e.g farming/construction/deforestation
para 3: assess the extent so the characteristics of basin that influence flooding NOT changes

conc: opinionated conclusion with assess the extent clear

Question 16

Explain the concept of feedback in relation to the carbon cycle 4 points

Answer 16

1. define feedback
2. carbon cycle can have positive or negative feedback
3. positive feedback example
4. negative feedback example

Question 17

With reference to a drainage basin you have studied, outline how the characteristics of its basin affect the water cycle 5 points

Answer 17

1. outline location and background info of EDEN
2. relief mountainous terrain
3. basin long /narrow
4. basin steep
5. geology : high ground is igneous and much of basin lime/sandstone

Question 18

what is feedback

Answer 18

feedback loops are a series of events which are triggered by an initial change.

Question 19

With reference to an area of rainforest you have studied, assess the extent to which the water and carbon cycles in that area may be related to attempts at global governance

Answer 19

1. amazon and WWF
2. Deforestation attempts e.g. resoring forest, low emission production schemes, non timber
   3 fresh water stores e.g. hydropower development
3. selfishness of TNC exploitation (timber, oil/gas)

Question 20

5. Assess the extent to which there are inter-relationships between processes in the water cycle and factors driving change in the carbon cycle

Answer 20

intro water and carbon cycle dependant on each other/briefly define processes and factors

1. relationships drainage basin
2. relationships at a larger scale
3. independency