contemporary urban Flashcards
describe patterns of globalisation since 1945
- dramatic increase in globalisation
- urban citiy increase
- 1950 30%
-2014 over 50% - developed countries urbanisation is much slower as they urbanised much earlier (industry rev)
developing most ppl in rural areas so change is fast - example is Beijing in 1970 population was 4.4 million and in 2015 20.5 million
Outline the processes that affect the population of cities 4 points
- urbanisation
- suburbanisation
- counter urbanisation
- urban resurgence
Describe the emergence of megacities and world cities and their role in global and regional economies 3 points
- define both terms
-mega city over 10 mi
-world city political /financial influence over wide world - emergence
1950 megacity only Tokyo and nyc predicted 42 by 2030
world city 1950 only Tokyo London nyc Paris - role in economies
world city financial and political hubs
- cultural centres
dominate international trade
r&d facilites
centres for science and inno
megacity
dominate regional/national economies
abundance of HQ’S and skilled workers
Assess the extent to which urbanisation affects the character of cities
intro: define urbanisation and characteristics e.g. demographics/socia/economic
1. demographic
- attracting migrants / young ppl and effect
2. social
-more opportunities/better standard of living attracts people
3. assess the extent
other factors that affect character
-suburb
-urb resurg
-counter urbanisation
Describe how Britain has been regenerated since 1979
1. UDC London docklands private investment to attract new business and create new jobs 85000 jobs 24000 homes ignored needs of locals 2. EZ in areas of high unemployment to attract start up usinesses/companies reduced tax on land and corporation over 5k companies an 125k jobs but existing companies take advantage of tax reductions and move 3. CITY CHALLENGE competing for government funding improve social Econ enviro over 50k jobs 40k houses deprived areas receive no funding 4. PARTNERSHIP SCHEMES Gov and private companies provide financial support & expertise for regeneration eg. Liverpool city region
Assess how far traditional urban forms are being challenged by new urban forms in the developed world
- WHAT URBAN FORM IS
- traditional urban forms
cbd
inner city
semi rural - new urban forms
mixed town development
edge cties
gentrified areas - assess extent
-gentrified areas ( suburbs have high price housing instead of inner)
-fortess landscape ( only rich ppl)
Outline spatial patterns of inequality and diversity in relation to contrasting urban areas and the factors that influence them
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Inner:high land value and low wages - people live in poverty -ethnic minorities outskirts: land value lower so wealthier people who earn lots low ethnic minority "white flight"
DEVELOPING
Inner: high land price and high cost housing e.g. ANTILLA MUMBAI
residents wealthy/wealthy immigrants from emerging economies
outskirts: very low cost land /marginal land
- immigrants from other parts of countries
-slums
Define and describe what is meant by a postmodern western city 3 points
- Cities in developed world moving away from uniformity in architecture and patterns of land use
- characteristics
multiple centres with different uses
focus on quaternary sector
less uniform architecture
planning prioritises aesthetics - many cities have aspects of post modernism
Analyse how social and economic issues can affect the character of cities
- outline issues
- social segrgation
- economic inequality
- cultural diversity - how it affecter character
Outline the benefits of sustainable urban drainage systems
- define suds ‘imitate natural drainage systems’
- benefits
- vegetated trenches - increase infiltration so decrease pollutants entering watercourse
- vegetated roofs intercept and reduce flood risk
- containers reduce drought risk
- sustainable as works with nature
- creates habitats
Analyse the extent to which urban issues can be managed
- outline issues
- management
- improvement in transport sytems
- minimum wage
- charities language classes
- more affordable homes
- favelas legitimate residental areas
With reference to one or more cities, outline its urban issues
London
- home to richest and poorest people in UK ( K&C)
- More than 50% of population not white british
- Hate crime on religion (2015 800 anti muslim incidents
Sao Paulo
-Economic inequality high (favelas)
-High crime/poor sanitation and lack educational facilities
- In cities /southwest - green space/better healthcare and access to facilities
large no of white immigrants and lowest proportion of black people
Describe the urban heat island effect 5 points
- idea that urban areas are warmer than surrounding rural areas
- temp sinks
- temp plateaus
- temp cliffs
- 4 causes
- absorbtion of heat by surfaces
- air pollution
- human activity
- less evapotranspiration as no veg
describe how wind is affected by urban forms 5 points
- wind lower in cities than rural areas
- tall buildings create friction that slows moving air and some areas totally sheltered
- turbulence - wind hits face of building and some is deflected down and some round sides/over tops
- wind hits ground it creates vortices (swirling air
- canyon effect - powerful gusts of wind channeled down streets so has implications on building designs
Outline the problems of air quality pollution in urban areas
- particulate pollution
- photochemical smog
- temperature inversion
