Hydraulics Flashcards
1
Q
Hydraulics is the study of what?
A
Fluids at rest and in motion
2
Q
Q
A
Flow divided by 100
3
Q
SP
A
Static pressure
4
Q
TPL
A
Total pressure loss
5
Q
1 cubic foot contains how many cubic inches?
A
1728
6
Q
1 cubic foot = how many gallons
A
7.5
7
Q
1 cubic foot of fresh water weighs how many pounds
A
62.5
8
Q
1 gallon contains how many square inches
A
231
9
Q
1 gallon of fresh water weighs how many pounds
A
8.33
10
Q
A column of water 1 foot high exerts a pressure of what at the base
A
.434
11
Q
1 psi at the base = how high a column of water
A
2.304
12
Q
50 ft of 1.75 hose contains how much water
A
6.24
13
Q
50 ft of 2.5 hose contains how much water
A
12.74 gallons
14
Q
50 ft of 3”hose contains how much water
A
18.35 gallons
15
Q
100 ft of 4”hose contains how much water
A
65.25 gallons
16
Q
100 ft of 5”hose contains how much water
A
101.94 gallons
17
Q
Hand lines for smooth bore nozzles are_____, but can be increased to ____ to achieve a higher flow?
A
50 psi, 65 psi
18
Q
Master streams for smooth bore nozzles are_____, but can be increased to ____ to achieve a higher flow?
A
80 psi, 100 psi
19
Q
Akron assault nozzles are_____ for fog with a flow of____
A
50 psi, 175 Gomez
20
Q
Akron assault nozzles are_____ for slug with 15/16” slug with a flow of____
A
50 psi, 185 gum
21
Q
Nozzle pressure for all other fog nozzles is____
A
100 psi
22
Q
What type of pump is used on all modern fire apparatus?
A
Centrifugal pumps. Takes advantage of incoming pressure. It enters the eye and travels through the impeller(s)
23
Q
Discharge velocity
A
The rate at which water travels from an orifice and can be measured using a pitot gauge
24
Q
Gutter line
A
Line run directly from a hydrant to an attack pumper
25
Head pressure
Water pressure due to elevation(.434 psi/foot)
26
Elevated stream
Master stream nozzle attached to or being operated from an aerial ladder
27
Ladder pipe
Master stream nozzle mounted to the fly of an aerial ladder
28
Master stream is
Delivery of 350gpm or more
29
Siamese
An appliance that combines 2 or more hose lines into 1
30
Static pressure
The pressure exerted by water at rest in a confined vessel available to force the water through pipe, hose, etc
31
Residual pressure
Pressure remaining in a water system when water is flowing
32
Water hammer
The force created by the rapid deceleration of water usually by opening or closing valve too quickly
33
Wye
An appliance that breaks one hose line into one female and at least one or more males
34
Formula for determining volume for a rectangular container in gallons
L x w x d x 7.5(number of gallons in a cubic foot)
35
How to calculate weight of water on a roof?
L x w x d x 62.5 lbs
36
How to calculate volume of a cylinder?
Pi (3.14) x r (squared) x h ( or l) x 7.5 (gallons)
37
Smooth bore nozzle discharge calculation
29.7 x d (squared) x the square root of the nozzle pressure
38
Hand line @ 50 psi tip sizes with theoretical calculations
```
1/2”- 53
7/8”-161
15/16-185
1”-210
1 1/8”- 266
1 1/4”-328
```
39
Hand lines at 50 psi tips and gum for fire ground calculations
```
1/2”- 50
7/8”-150
15/16-185
1”-200
1 1/8”- 250
1 1/4”-325
```
40
Master stream tips at 80 psi
```
Theoretical Fireground
1 1/4”- 415. 400
1 3/8”- 502. 500
1 1/2 - 598. 600
1 3/4- 814. 800
2” - 1062. 1000
```
41
How much flow can a 1” adjustable gallonage fog nozzle be set to
12-60gpm
42
Master stream fog nozzles have an operating range of what
150-2000gpm
43
How long are booster reels normally and what psi nozzle with what flow?
150’, adjustable gallonage fog with 100psi nozzle and flow between 12-60gpm
44
What types of nozzles can be on 1” forestry hose?
1” adjustable gallonage fog nozzle or the 23gpm red fog nozzle both at 100 psi
45
Decon showers flow what at what psi?
270 gpm at 75 psi
46
Piercing nozzles are for what and flow what?
Aka, penetrating nozzles are for inaccessible areas such as voids and attics. They flow 125 gpm at 100 psi
47
Cellar nozzle use and flow
Aka distributor nozzle -For basement and attic fires
Distributers *********************. 2 1/2” flows 250 gpm at 100psi
1 1/2” flows 95 gpm at 50psi
Cellar nozzle *********************
2 1/2” flows 350 gpm at 100psi
1 1/2” flows 16 gpm at 100psi
48
Task force tip automatic nozzle flows and pressures
500 gpm at 90psi
750 gpm at 110 psi
1000 gpm at 120 psi
1250 gpm at 140 psi
49
Akron adjustable flow nozzle flows and pressure
500gpm- 100psi
750gpm- 110 psi
1000gpm- 130psi
1250gpm- 140psi
50
Akron quick attack mercury monitor flows what and pressured at what with fog and smooth bore
500 gpm with 1 3/8 tip at 80 psi np
| 500gpm with fog at 100 psi
51
Mercury monitor appliance loss
10psi
52
Preferred method to supply a mercury monitor
Single 3” supply hose with maximum inlet pressure of 150psi
53
Common causes of friction loss
Kinks(bends in hose); nozzles; appliances; protruding gaskets in the couplings; delaminating hose; pump piping; and diameter restrictions
54
1st principle of friction loss
All variables being the same, friction loss will vary directly with the length of the hose or pipe
55
2nd principle of friction loss
Friction loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of the flow. If the flow rate is doubled, the friction loss will be four times greater
56
3rd principle of friction loss
When flow remains constant, friction loss will decrease as diameter of hose increases
57
4th principle of friction loss
For any given flow velocity, friction loss is independent of pressure. The velocity of water through a hose line, not pressure, causes friction loss
58
Friction loss coefficients
```
1”= 150
1 3/4= 10 for Fairfax (15.5 per IFSTA)
2”= 8
2.5”= 2
3”= .8
3.5”= .34
4”= .2
5”= .08
```
59
Appliance loss for ladder pipe
25psi
60
Appliance loss for standpipes
25 psi
61
Appliance loss for master stream
25psi
62
Appliance loss for over 350 gpm
10 psi
63
Appliance loss for less than 350 gpm
0
64
Fire ground operations elevation calculation
5 psi for every 10 feet
65
For true elevation calculations, how many psi for every 10 feet?
4.34
66
What is the maximum safe PDP?
250 psi
67
What is the flow/pressure rating for a national foam JS-10 air aspirating nozzle?
100gpm/ 100 psi at the tip
| Bale must be fully closed/open to operate properly
68
What is the flow/ pressure for the Fairfax County portable foam eductor?
95-125 at 200 psi
| Eductor must be placed 50’ from pump panel and 200’ of the nozzle (as well as no higher than 5 feet)
69
What is the husky foam system?
Electronic direct injection foam system that injects foam to front bumper line from .1-3%. Capacity to flow 3 gpm of foam concentrate at 150psi
70
CAFS engines in Fairfax county
16,20,41,39,32
71
Formula for finding the total gallons of a pool with different depth.
Capacity= L'xW'x Average Depth'x7.5gal/CuFt
Average depth is depth changes divided by amount. IE 3feet in the shallow end 9 ft in the deep end
C=LxWx({3+9}/2)x7.5
72
How to figure out weight of water on an Square or rectangular object?
Weight= LxWxH/D=Cubic FTx62.5 Pounds per cubic ft.
73
What is the max gpm at a draft per the manual for the side intake?
1750
74
Best way to maximize gpm out of a hydrant?
Fully dress it, add 2 gates with 4inch storz
75
Maximum gpm per the manual at a draft fir rear intake?
1500-1750gpm
76
Why is the front intake the lowest rated gpm at a draft? What is the gpm?
Due to pipe bends and 900gpm
77
Nozzle reaction formula?
Sb nozzle reaction = 1.57xd2xNP
78
What is the RPM range for Drafting?
1000-1200rpm
79
Nozzle reaction for fog nozzle?
Fog nozzle reaction =.0505xQxSquareroot np
