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2018 App Test > Hydraulics > Flashcards

Hydraulics Flashcards

1
Q

Hydraulics is the study of what?

A

Fluids at rest and in motion

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2
Q

Q

A

Flow divided by 100

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3
Q

SP

A

Static pressure

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4
Q

TPL

A

Total pressure loss

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5
Q

1 cubic foot contains how many cubic inches?

A

1728

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6
Q

1 cubic foot = how many gallons

A

7.5

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7
Q

1 cubic foot of fresh water weighs how many pounds

A

62.5

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8
Q

1 gallon contains how many square inches

A

231

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9
Q

1 gallon of fresh water weighs how many pounds

A

8.33

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10
Q

A column of water 1 foot high exerts a pressure of what at the base

A

.434

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11
Q

1 psi at the base = how high a column of water

A

2.304

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12
Q

50 ft of 1.75 hose contains how much water

A

6.24

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13
Q

50 ft of 2.5 hose contains how much water

A

12.74 gallons

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14
Q

50 ft of 3”hose contains how much water

A

18.35 gallons

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15
Q

100 ft of 4”hose contains how much water

A

65.25 gallons

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16
Q

100 ft of 5”hose contains how much water

A

101.94 gallons

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17
Q

Hand lines for smooth bore nozzles are_____, but can be increased to ____ to achieve a higher flow?

A

50 psi, 65 psi

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18
Q

Master streams for smooth bore nozzles are_____, but can be increased to ____ to achieve a higher flow?

A

80 psi, 100 psi

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19
Q

Akron assault nozzles are_____ for fog with a flow of____

A

50 psi, 175 Gomez

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20
Q

Akron assault nozzles are_____ for slug with 15/16” slug with a flow of____

A

50 psi, 185 gum

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21
Q

Nozzle pressure for all other fog nozzles is____

A

100 psi

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22
Q

What type of pump is used on all modern fire apparatus?

A

Centrifugal pumps. Takes advantage of incoming pressure. It enters the eye and travels through the impeller(s)

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23
Q

Discharge velocity

A

The rate at which water travels from an orifice and can be measured using a pitot gauge

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24
Q

Gutter line

A

Line run directly from a hydrant to an attack pumper

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25
Q

Head pressure

A

Water pressure due to elevation(.434 psi/foot)

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26
Q

Elevated stream

A

Master stream nozzle attached to or being operated from an aerial ladder

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27
Q

Ladder pipe

A

Master stream nozzle mounted to the fly of an aerial ladder

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28
Q

Master stream is

A

Delivery of 350gpm or more

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29
Q

Siamese

A

An appliance that combines 2 or more hose lines into 1

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30
Q

Static pressure

A

The pressure exerted by water at rest in a confined vessel available to force the water through pipe, hose, etc

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31
Q

Residual pressure

A

Pressure remaining in a water system when water is flowing

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32
Q

Water hammer

A

The force created by the rapid deceleration of water usually by opening or closing valve too quickly

33
Q

Wye

A

An appliance that breaks one hose line into one female and at least one or more males

34
Q

Formula for determining volume for a rectangular container in gallons

A

L x w x d x 7.5(number of gallons in a cubic foot)

35
Q

How to calculate weight of water on a roof?

A

L x w x d x 62.5 lbs

36
Q

How to calculate volume of a cylinder?

A

Pi (3.14) x r (squared) x h ( or l) x 7.5 (gallons)

37
Q

Smooth bore nozzle discharge calculation

A

29.7 x d (squared) x the square root of the nozzle pressure

38
Q

Hand line @ 50 psi tip sizes with theoretical calculations

A 
1/2”- 53
7/8”-161
15/16-185
1”-210
1 1/8”- 266
1 1/4”-328
39
Q

Hand lines at 50 psi tips and gum for fire ground calculations

A 
1/2”- 50
7/8”-150
15/16-185
1”-200
1 1/8”- 250
1 1/4”-325
40
Q

Master stream tips at 80 psi

A 
Theoretical       Fireground
1 1/4”- 415.             400
1 3/8”- 502.           500
1 1/2 - 598.             600
1 3/4- 814.               800
2” -    1062.             1000
41
Q

How much flow can a 1” adjustable gallonage fog nozzle be set to

A

12-60gpm

42
Q

Master stream fog nozzles have an operating range of what

A

150-2000gpm

43
Q

How long are booster reels normally and what psi nozzle with what flow?

A

150’, adjustable gallonage fog with 100psi nozzle and flow between 12-60gpm

44
Q

What types of nozzles can be on 1” forestry hose?

A

1” adjustable gallonage fog nozzle or the 23gpm red fog nozzle both at 100 psi

45
Q

Decon showers flow what at what psi?

A

270 gpm at 75 psi

46
Q

Piercing nozzles are for what and flow what?

A

Aka, penetrating nozzles are for inaccessible areas such as voids and attics. They flow 125 gpm at 100 psi

47
Q

Cellar nozzle use and flow

A

Aka distributor nozzle -For basement and attic fires
Distributers ****. 2 1/2” flows 250 gpm at 100psi
1 1/2” flows 95 gpm at 50psi
Cellar nozzle ****
2 1/2” flows 350 gpm at 100psi
1 1/2” flows 16 gpm at 100psi

48
Q

Task force tip automatic nozzle flows and pressures

A

500 gpm at 90psi
750 gpm at 110 psi
1000 gpm at 120 psi
1250 gpm at 140 psi

49
Q

Akron adjustable flow nozzle flows and pressure

A

500gpm- 100psi
750gpm- 110 psi
1000gpm- 130psi
1250gpm- 140psi

50
Q

Akron quick attack mercury monitor flows what and pressured at what with fog and smooth bore

A

500 gpm with 1 3/8 tip at 80 psi np

500gpm with fog at 100 psi

51
Q

Mercury monitor appliance loss

A

10psi

52
Q

Preferred method to supply a mercury monitor

A

Single 3” supply hose with maximum inlet pressure of 150psi

53
Q

Common causes of friction loss

A

Kinks(bends in hose); nozzles; appliances; protruding gaskets in the couplings; delaminating hose; pump piping; and diameter restrictions

54
Q

1st principle of friction loss

A

All variables being the same, friction loss will vary directly with the length of the hose or pipe

55
Q

2nd principle of friction loss

A

Friction loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of the flow. If the flow rate is doubled, the friction loss will be four times greater

56
Q

3rd principle of friction loss

A

When flow remains constant, friction loss will decrease as diameter of hose increases

57
Q

4th principle of friction loss

A

For any given flow velocity, friction loss is independent of pressure. The velocity of water through a hose line, not pressure, causes friction loss

58
Q

Friction loss coefficients

A 
1”= 150
1 3/4= 10 for Fairfax (15.5 per IFSTA)
2”= 8
2.5”= 2
3”= .8
3.5”= .34
4”= .2
5”= .08
59
Q

Appliance loss for ladder pipe

A

25psi

60
Q

Appliance loss for standpipes

A

25 psi

61
Q

Appliance loss for master stream

A

25psi

62
Q

Appliance loss for over 350 gpm

A

10 psi

63
Q

Appliance loss for less than 350 gpm

A

0

64
Q

Fire ground operations elevation calculation

A

5 psi for every 10 feet

65
Q

For true elevation calculations, how many psi for every 10 feet?

A

4.34

66
Q

What is the maximum safe PDP?

A

250 psi

67
Q

What is the flow/pressure rating for a national foam JS-10 air aspirating nozzle?

A

100gpm/ 100 psi at the tip

Bale must be fully closed/open to operate properly

68
Q

What is the flow/ pressure for the Fairfax County portable foam eductor?

A

95-125 at 200 psi

Eductor must be placed 50’ from pump panel and 200’ of the nozzle (as well as no higher than 5 feet)

69
Q

What is the husky foam system?

A

Electronic direct injection foam system that injects foam to front bumper line from .1-3%. Capacity to flow 3 gpm of foam concentrate at 150psi

70
Q

CAFS engines in Fairfax county

A

16,20,41,39,32

71
Q

Formula for finding the total gallons of a pool with different depth.

A

Capacity= L’xW’x Average Depth’x7.5gal/CuFt

Average depth is depth changes divided by amount. IE 3feet in the shallow end 9 ft in the deep end
C=LxWx({3+9}/2)x7.5

72
Q

How to figure out weight of water on an Square or rectangular object?

A

Weight= LxWxH/D=Cubic FTx62.5 Pounds per cubic ft.

73
Q

What is the max gpm at a draft per the manual for the side intake?

A

1750

74
Q

Best way to maximize gpm out of a hydrant?

A

Fully dress it, add 2 gates with 4inch storz

75
Q

Maximum gpm per the manual at a draft fir rear intake?

A

1500-1750gpm

76
Q

Why is the front intake the lowest rated gpm at a draft? What is the gpm?

A

Due to pipe bends and 900gpm

77
Q

Nozzle reaction formula?

A

Sb nozzle reaction = 1.57xd2xNP

78
Q

What is the RPM range for Drafting?

A

1000-1200rpm

79
Q

Nozzle reaction for fog nozzle?

A

Fog nozzle reaction =.0505xQxSquareroot np

2018 App Test (12 decks)

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