hydraulics Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of water distribution hydraulics?
To ensure the efficient and reliable delivery of water from sources to consumers.
True or False: Water pressure decreases as it moves through a distribution system.
True
What is the formula for calculating flow rate in a pipe?
Q = A * v, where Q is flow rate, A is cross-sectional area, and v is velocity.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the force exerted by water in a system, measured in pounds per square inch (psi).
pressure
What is head loss in a water distribution system?
The loss of energy due to friction and other factors as water flows through pipes.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors affects water flow in pipes? A) Pipe diameter B) Pipe length C) Fluid viscosity D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the significance of the Hazen-Williams equation?
It is used to calculate the pressure loss due to friction in water distribution pipes.
True or False: A larger diameter pipe generally results in lower flow rates.
False
What is a water distribution network?
A system of pipes, pumps, and valves that transports water from treatment plants to consumers.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the vertical distance between the water source and the point of use.
elevation head
What is the purpose of a pressure relief valve in a water distribution system?
To prevent excessive pressure that could damage the system.
Multiple Choice: Which type of flow is characterized by a smooth and orderly movement of water? A) Turbulent Flow B) Laminar Flow C) Transitional Flow D) None of the above
B) Laminar Flow
What does the term ‘NPSH’ stand for in hydraulics?
Net Positive Suction Head
True or False: Pumps are used to increase the pressure in a water distribution system.
True
What is the role of valves in a water distribution system?
To control the flow and pressure of water within the system.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a measure of the resistance to flow in a pipe.
friction factor
What is the effect of temperature on the viscosity of water?
As temperature increases, the viscosity of water decreases.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of valve used in water distribution systems? A) Gate Valve B) Ball Valve C) Diaphragm Valve D) Transformer Valve
D) Transformer Valve
What is a common method for determining pipe diameter in a water distribution system?
Using hydraulic modeling software or empirical formulas.
True or False: Gravity is a key factor in the design of water distribution systems.
True
What is the purpose of a flow meter in a distribution system?
To measure the flow rate of water in the pipes.
Fill in the blank: The _____ principle states that energy in a fluid system is conserved.
Bernoulli’s
What is the impact of leaks in a water distribution system?
They can lead to reduced pressure, loss of water, and increased operational costs.
Multiple Choice: What is typically the first step in designing a water distribution system? A) Selecting pipe materials B) Estimating water demand C) Conducting pressure tests D) Installing pumps
B) Estimating water demand
What is the significance of the Reynolds number in fluid dynamics?
It helps determine whether flow is laminar or turbulent.
