hydration and renal function Flashcards
where are kidneys in your renal system?
bean shaped organs that are in the middle of your back, just under your rib cage.
what do kidneys do?
filters our blood and removing waste products by producing urine
what are the functions of the kidney?
- help in the production of vitamin D.
- Regulation of blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- Regulation of red blood cell production via the hormone erythropoietin
- controls body’s water balance
what are the 3 main structures inside the kidney to be aware of?
- the renal cortex
- the renal medulla
- the renal pelvis
where is the bowman’s capsule located?
renal cortex
what is the Bowman’s capsule?
is it a two-walled pouch that covers the glomerulus
what does the bowman’s capsule do?
filters blood, to remove waste
what does the glomerulus do?
main filtering unit of the kidney.
how is the glomerulus formed?
a network of capillaries enclosed within the bowman’s capsule.
where is the glomerulus located?
the beginning of the nephron.
what is kidney filtration?
kidney will filter excess fluid and waste product out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so they get removed out of your body.
what is selective reabsorption?
urine formation where certain molecules are reabsorbed from the nephric filtrate back into the body.
where does selective reabsorption take place?
proximal convoluted tubule.
where does the collecting duct take place?
kidney, consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons
what is the function of the collecting duct?
selective reabsorption of water and for sending urine to the ureter.
what is the loop of Henle?
a long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine with each nephron of the kidney.
what is the principal function of the loop of Henle?
recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine.
why are hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure two important forces?
- they regulate fluid movement in and out of blood capillaries
what is hydrostatic pressure?
pushes fluid out of the blood vessels into the interstitial space between cells
what is oncotic pressure?
pulls fluid back into the bloodstream from surrounding tissues.
what are the clinical signs of dehydration in adults?
Thirst, dark yellow urine, reduced urine, dizzy, fatigue, dry mouth & lips, sunken eyes, and raised skin turgor.
what are the clinical signs of dehydration in baby?
sunken fontanelle, few tears, fewer nappy changes, drowsy or irritable
what can cause dehydration in severe cases?
confusion, inc. HR and RR, and low BP (postural)
what are the signs of overhydration?
- N&V, headaches (brain swelling)
- confusion (low sodium)
- muscle weakness & cramps (electrolyte imbalance)
- swelling (weight gain)
- seizures, and difficulty breathing (fluid overload).
how do you test for dehydration?
- check your skin elasticity or turgor
- blood tests
- getting urinalysis
how do you test for overhydration?
blood and urine tests
what is micturition?
discharge of urine from the bladder
