hydration and renal function

Question 1

where are kidneys in your renal system?

Answer 1

bean shaped organs that are in the middle of your back, just under your rib cage.

Question 2

what do kidneys do?

Answer 2

filters our blood and removing waste products by producing urine

Question 3

what are the functions of the kidney?

Answer 3

• help in the production of vitamin D.
• Regulation of blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
• Regulation of red blood cell production via the hormone erythropoietin
• controls body’s water balance

Question 4

what are the 3 main structures inside the kidney to be aware of?

Answer 4

1. the renal cortex
2. the renal medulla
3. the renal pelvis

Question 5

where is the bowman’s capsule located?

Answer 5

renal cortex

Question 6

what is the Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 6

is it a two-walled pouch that covers the glomerulus

Question 7

what does the bowman’s capsule do?

Answer 7

filters blood, to remove waste

Question 8

what does the glomerulus do?

Answer 8

main filtering unit of the kidney.

Question 9

how is the glomerulus formed?

Answer 9

a network of capillaries enclosed within the bowman’s capsule.

Question 10

where is the glomerulus located?

Answer 10

the beginning of the nephron.

Question 11

what is kidney filtration?

Answer 11

kidney will filter excess fluid and waste product out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so they get removed out of your body.

Question 12

what is selective reabsorption?

Answer 12

urine formation where certain molecules are reabsorbed from the nephric filtrate back into the body.

Question 13

where does selective reabsorption take place?

Answer 13

proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 14

where does the collecting duct take place?

Answer 14

kidney, consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons

Question 15

what is the function of the collecting duct?

Answer 15

selective reabsorption of water and for sending urine to the ureter.

Question 16

what is the loop of Henle?

Answer 16

a long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine with each nephron of the kidney.

Question 17

what is the principal function of the loop of Henle?

Answer 17

recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine.

Question 18

why are hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure two important forces?

Answer 18

• they regulate fluid movement in and out of blood capillaries

Question 19

what is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 19

pushes fluid out of the blood vessels into the interstitial space between cells

Question 20

what is oncotic pressure?

Answer 20

pulls fluid back into the bloodstream from surrounding tissues.

Question 21

what are the clinical signs of dehydration in adults?

Answer 21

Thirst, dark yellow urine, reduced urine, dizzy, fatigue, dry mouth & lips, sunken eyes, and raised skin turgor.

Question 22

what are the clinical signs of dehydration in baby?

Answer 22

sunken fontanelle, few tears, fewer nappy changes, drowsy or irritable

Question 23

what can cause dehydration in severe cases?

Answer 23

confusion, inc. HR and RR, and low BP (postural)

Question 24

what are the signs of overhydration?

Answer 24

• N&V, headaches (brain swelling)
• confusion (low sodium)
• muscle weakness & cramps (electrolyte imbalance)
• swelling (weight gain)
• seizures, and difficulty breathing (fluid overload).

Question 25

how do you test for dehydration?

Answer 25

• check your skin elasticity or turgor
• blood tests
• getting urinalysis

Question 26

how do you test for overhydration?

Answer 26

blood and urine tests

Question 27

what is micturition?

Answer 27

discharge of urine from the bladder