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Environmental Waste Management > HW Characterization, Containment and Remediation - Exam II Material > Flashcards

HW Characterization, Containment and Remediation - Exam II Material Flashcards

1
Q

Describes diffusion in one direction and how it changes with time

A

Fick’s Law

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2
Q

Solutes move from a zone of higher concentration to a zone of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

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3
Q

Solutes are carried along with flow groundwater

- Related to the avg linear velocity and the effective porosity of the aquifer.

A

Advection

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4
Q

Variable flow rates and flow paths result in dispersion of solutes

A

Mechanical dispersion

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5
Q

The process of diffusion cannot be separated from mechanical dispersion

A

Hydrodynamic dispersion

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6
Q

Point source solute introduced as a slug injection

A

Fixed concentration

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7
Q

Continued point source solute introduced over time at fixed location

A

Fixed gradient

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8
Q

Flow rate and solute concentration within the system change with time

A

Variable flux

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9
Q

In-situ process where microbes are used to degrade or immobilize contaminants

A

Bioremediation

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10
Q

Use of natural processes to remediate a site, with the involvement of careful monitoring

A

Monitored Natural Attenuation

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11
Q

New technique that is used extensively to remediate LUST sites have contaminated GW with petroleum products

A

In-Situ Air Sparging

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12
Q

Treatment designed to degrade or immobilize contaminants as GW flows through an engineered barrier

A

Permeable Reactive Barriers

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13
Q

In-Situ Flushing

A

Process involves use of an aqueous solution

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14
Q

Most common technology used for GW remediation

A

Pump and Treat Method (Only Ex-Situ GW Remediation)

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15
Q

Methods used to remove, immobilize or degrade/destroy contaminants in the GW based on physical, chemical, and biological processess

A

Technologies

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16
Q

Particles with diameters less than 1 mm, insoluble organic liquids and mineral matters

A

Colloid

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17
Q

Colloids can travel faster than the avg linear velocity bc they can only travel through larger pore throats

A

Size-Exclusion Effect

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18
Q

Phenomenon that occurs when solutes move through a GW system at rates slower than the groundwater velocity

A

Retardation

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19
Q

Process where solutes attach to mineral surfaces

A

Adsorption

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20
Q

Solutes diffuse into porous material and adhere to interior surfaces

A

Absorption

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21
Q

Microbial products that can further enhance retardation by slowing dispersion and advection processes.

A

Biofilm

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22
Q

Degredation of organic molecules primarily through microbial processes

A

Biodegredation

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23
Q

Convergence of uniformly infiltrating fluid as a result of permeability variations

A

Fingering (preferential flowpath)

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24
Q

Horizontal migration along an inclined, porous surface, limiting vertical migration of fluid

A

Funneling (preferential flowpath)

25
Q

Preferential pathways for the downward migration of fluids

A

Macropores

26
Q

LNAPL can partition into a vapor phase as described by Henry’s Law

A

Volitilization

27
Q

Contaminated Site Characterization

A
  1. Preliminary assessment
  2. Preliminary site visit
  3. Detailed site investigation
  4. Decontamination
  5. Chain of custody
  6. Geologic samples
  7. Hydrologic sampling
28
Q

Developed based on risk assessment

A

Redmediation

29
Q

Installation of low permeability physical barriers

A

Passive systems (In-Situ Containment)

30
Q

Manipulation of hydraulic gradients (pumping, injection, drains)

A

Active Systems (In-Situ Containment)

31
Q

Overlapping grout bulbs are injected under contaminant zone

A

Permeation Grouting (bottom barrier)

32
Q

Short, overlapping columns/ disks are formed beneath contaminant

A

Jet Grouting (bottom barrier)

33
Q

Parabolic path i drilled under contaminant then backfilled with grout material

A

Directional Drilling w/ Grouting (bottom barrier)

34
Q

Simultaneous injection of high pressure grout throughout a well field that results in the planar fracturing and lifting of the contaminant block and emplacement of a low permeability grout seam

A

Hydrofracturing / Block Displacement Method (bottom barrier)

35
Q

Permeation grout is injected around steel piles to seal seams

A

Sheet Pile w/ Injection Grouting

36
Q

Wells installed to remove contaminated water from the subsurface or to draw contaminate away from highly sensitive area

A

Extraction Well

37
Q

Fluids can be injected to created water table/potentiometric highs that can redirect GW flow or create GW barriers

A

Injection Well

38
Q

Hydraulic conditions can be modified to capture, divert or isolate contaminant plumes.

A

Well Systems

39
Q

Extends / enlarges existing fractures to increase the efficiency of in-situ remediation technologies

A

Soil Fracturing

40
Q

Removal, stabilization or degradation of contaminants in soils by plants

A

Phtyoremediation

41
Q

Process that uses microbes to degrade organic contaminants or immobolize inorganic contaminants

A

Bioremediation

42
Q

Technology to melt and convert contaminated soil into stable glass or crystalline product
**Contaminants are immobilized through chemical bonding or encapsulation.

A

Vitrification

43
Q

Method of heating soils (200 - 1000°F) to cause contaminants with low boiling points to vaporize

A

Thermal Desorption

44
Q

Process where an electric potential is applied to the soil and contaminants are transported towards the electrodes

A

Electrokinetic Remediation

45
Q

Advective transport or movement of water or moisture under an electric field

A

Electroosmosis

46
Q

Movement of charged ions or charge species toward the electrode with the same charge

A

Electromigration

47
Q

Movement of charged colloids towards their respective electrode

A

Electrophoresis

48
Q

Reactions in the electric field associated with the electrode charge

A

Electrolysis

49
Q

Process where additives or processing is used to chemically bind and immobilize contaminants

A

Stabilization

50
Q

Process that encapsulates contaminants in a matrix that physically prevents mobility

A

Solidification

51
Q

Process of separating fine-grained fraction and organics with contaminants from soil through screening and washing with a solute solution

A

Soil Washing

52
Q

Similar to leachate collection systems in landfills

A

Subsurface drains

53
Q

Technique to remove VOCs and motor fuels from contaminated soils

A

Soil Vapor Extraction

54
Q

What is an example of a LNAPL (Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid)?

A

Benzene

55
Q

What is an example of a DNAPL?

A

Chlorinated solvents

56
Q

What type of clay is most commonly added to native soil/sediment to create low permeability horizons/barriers?

A

Compacted

57
Q

What soil remediation process utilizes technology to melt and convert contaminated soil into stable glass or crystalline products?

A

Vitrification

58
Q

What soil remediation process utilizes plants to remove, stabilize or degrade contaminants?

A

Phytoremediation

Environmental Waste Management (4 decks)

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