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Environmental Waste Management > Hazardous Waste Site Selection and Treatment Technologies - Test II Material > Flashcards

Hazardous Waste Site Selection and Treatment Technologies - Test II Material Flashcards

1
Q

Elimination or substitution of toxic materials at the source

A

Source Reduction

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2
Q

Recovery, reuse and treatment of HW

A

Recycling

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3
Q

Material that can not be recycled and must be disposed of

A

Residual Disposal

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4
Q

Tax breaks, savings on disposal costs, savings on manufacturing costs, avoidance of expensive tratment

A

Economic incentives

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5
Q

HW generators must show reduction efforts through reporting to maintain certification

A

Regulatory Incentives

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6
Q

Reduction in HW results in an increase in worker and workplace safety

A

Liability

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7
Q

Pollution prevention and reduction can be marketed to the public to increase sales of product as a positive connection to the environment

A

Public Image

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8
Q

Dregding and Irrigation

A
  • Removal of soil or sediments form waterways, harbors or irrigation canals in order to keep them navigable or flowing properly
  • Material may be hazardous if it contains hazardous materials from industrial or farming activities
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9
Q

By-products of mining, which are usually composed of silts, fine sands and other aggregates

A

Mine tailings

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10
Q

Increased surface area and porosity often results in more what?

A

Rapid oxidation and hydrolysis of natural minerals that can accumulate more rapidly as waste products

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11
Q

List waste sources

A
  1. Dredging and irrigation
  2. Mining and quarrying
  3. Farming and ranching
  4. Residential, commercial, municipal, etc.
  5. Industrial
  6. Nuclear
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12
Q

Any garbage, refuse, sludge from a waste treatment plant, water supply plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial activities…

A

Solid Waste

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13
Q

Types of Solid Waste?

A
  • Household
  • Commercial
  • Industrial
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14
Q

Hazardous Waste

A

Solid waste that because of its quantity, concentration, physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may cause substantial risks to human health or the env.

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15
Q

HW falls under 3 main headings (source wastes)

A
  1. Nonspecific
  2. Specific
  3. Commercial chemical product
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16
Q

Radioactive waste that is typically the result of defense-related activities, nuclear power plants and spent fuel rods

A

HLW - High-Level Waste

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17
Q

Radioactive waste that is the result of reprocessing nuclear fuels and from making nuclear weapons

A

TUR - Transuranic Waste

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18
Q

Radioactive waste that is the remainder of radioactive waste including hospitals, industrial plants, universities and commercial labs

A

LLW - Low-Level Waste

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19
Q

Residues from the mining and extraction of uranium from ore

A

Mill Tailings

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20
Q

Environmental concerns

A
  1. Quantity
  2. Improper Handling and Disposal
  3. Toxic Chemicals
  4. Human Effects
  5. Effects on Ecosystems
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21
Q

Radiation effect that is immediate or long term effects that can range from minor discomfort to death

A

Somantic effects

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22
Q

Radiation effect that involves gene mutations or chromosome abnormalities

A

Genetic effects

23
Q

Recovery of a valuable material from a hazardous waste

A

Reclamation

24
Q

Passive exchange where generators provide information on waste products for the purpose of informing others of their potential recyclable materials

A

Information exchanges

25
Physical transfer of generators wastes to secondary users
Material Exchanges
26
4 major categories of HW treatment
1. Physical 2. Chemical 3. Biological 4. Other
27
Bar racks, strainers and screens used to separate large solids from liquids
Screening
28
Gravitational separation of solids from liquids by particle size, shape, density and the viscosity of the liquid
Sedimentation
29
Separation of solids from liquid with centrifuges to produce low-moisture, high-strength cake
Centrifugation
30
Types of PPE
Levels A - D, with A being the highest level of protection
31
Boundary between the exclusion zone and the contaminant reduction zone
Hotline
32
Area free of contamination
Support Zone
33
Contaminated area
Exclusion Zone
34
Area set aside around exclusion zone for personnel and equipment decontamination (transition zone)
Contaminant Reduction Zone
35
After the nature of HW is determined, safety plans are developed and HW sites are zoned
Site Control
36
Physical entry into potential HW site with PPE
Onsite Survey
37
Background information and reconnaissance of waster site before entry
Pre-entry Offsite Characterization
38
Waste site safety procedures
1. Develop organizational structure 2. Comprehensive work plan 3. Implementation of site safety and health plan 4. Coordination of operations w/ local officials
39
Combustion of HW to change waste composition by driving off volatiles
Incineration
40
Separation of volatiles through endothermic reactions at low temps in the absence of oxygen
Pyrolysis
41
Confined, shallow subsurface containment
Landfill
42
Soil is used as disposal with simultaneous treatment
Land Farm
43
Non-flowing HW that may be used as storage, treatment or disposal
Waste Pile
44
Surface facilities designed to hold liquid wastes or liquid containing wastes.
Surface impoundment
45
Disposal of liquid wastes into the subsurface
Deep well injection
46
Utilization of mines to dispose of waste
Underground disposal
47
Secured subsurface voids for waste disposal
Vaults/Bunkers
48
Inorganic chemicals or polymers are added to waste liquids to cause the agglomeration very fine particles
Coagulation/Flocculation
49
Transfer of dissolved molecules from a liquid to a vapor state usually by passing air or gas through the liquid waste
Stripping
50
What is an example of an infectious waste?
Hypodermic needle
51
What hazardous waste disposal method uses combustion to change hazardous waste composition and drive off volatiles?
Incineration
52
What type of nuclear waste is the result of reprocessing nuclear fuels or from making of nuclear weapons?
TUR - Transuranic Waste
53
What term best describes the recovery of a valuable material from a hazardous waste?
Reclamation
54
What term describes the use or reuse of material as an ingredient in another product?
Recycling

Environmental Waste Management (4 decks)

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