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Environmental Waste Management > Hazardous Waste Site Selection and Treatment Technologies - Test II Material > Flashcards

Hazardous Waste Site Selection and Treatment Technologies - Test II Material Flashcards

1
Q

Elimination or substitution of toxic materials at the source

A

Source Reduction

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2
Q

Recovery, reuse and treatment of HW

A

Recycling

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3
Q

Material that can not be recycled and must be disposed of

A

Residual Disposal

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4
Q

Tax breaks, savings on disposal costs, savings on manufacturing costs, avoidance of expensive tratment

A

Economic incentives

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5
Q

HW generators must show reduction efforts through reporting to maintain certification

A

Regulatory Incentives

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6
Q

Reduction in HW results in an increase in worker and workplace safety

A

Liability

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7
Q

Pollution prevention and reduction can be marketed to the public to increase sales of product as a positive connection to the environment

A

Public Image

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8
Q

Dregding and Irrigation

A
  • Removal of soil or sediments form waterways, harbors or irrigation canals in order to keep them navigable or flowing properly
  • Material may be hazardous if it contains hazardous materials from industrial or farming activities
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9
Q

By-products of mining, which are usually composed of silts, fine sands and other aggregates

A

Mine tailings

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10
Q

Increased surface area and porosity often results in more what?

A

Rapid oxidation and hydrolysis of natural minerals that can accumulate more rapidly as waste products

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11
Q

List waste sources

A
  1. Dredging and irrigation
  2. Mining and quarrying
  3. Farming and ranching
  4. Residential, commercial, municipal, etc.
  5. Industrial
  6. Nuclear
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12
Q

Any garbage, refuse, sludge from a waste treatment plant, water supply plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial activities…

A

Solid Waste

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13
Q

Types of Solid Waste?

A
  • Household
  • Commercial
  • Industrial
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14
Q

Hazardous Waste

A

Solid waste that because of its quantity, concentration, physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may cause substantial risks to human health or the env.

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15
Q

HW falls under 3 main headings (source wastes)

A
  1. Nonspecific
  2. Specific
  3. Commercial chemical product
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16
Q

Radioactive waste that is typically the result of defense-related activities, nuclear power plants and spent fuel rods

A

HLW - High-Level Waste

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17
Q

Radioactive waste that is the result of reprocessing nuclear fuels and from making nuclear weapons

A

TUR - Transuranic Waste

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18
Q

Radioactive waste that is the remainder of radioactive waste including hospitals, industrial plants, universities and commercial labs

A

LLW - Low-Level Waste

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19
Q

Residues from the mining and extraction of uranium from ore

A

Mill Tailings

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20
Q

Environmental concerns

A
  1. Quantity
  2. Improper Handling and Disposal
  3. Toxic Chemicals
  4. Human Effects
  5. Effects on Ecosystems
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21
Q

Radiation effect that is immediate or long term effects that can range from minor discomfort to death

A

Somantic effects

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22
Q

Radiation effect that involves gene mutations or chromosome abnormalities

A

Genetic effects

23
Q

Recovery of a valuable material from a hazardous waste

A

Reclamation

24
Q

Passive exchange where generators provide information on waste products for the purpose of informing others of their potential recyclable materials

A

Information exchanges

25
Q

Physical transfer of generators wastes to secondary users

A

Material Exchanges

26
Q

4 major categories of HW treatment

A
  1. Physical
  2. Chemical
  3. Biological
  4. Other
27
Q

Bar racks, strainers and screens used to separate large solids from liquids

A

Screening

28
Q

Gravitational separation of solids from liquids by particle size, shape, density and the viscosity of the liquid

A

Sedimentation

29
Q

Separation of solids from liquid with centrifuges to produce low-moisture, high-strength cake

A

Centrifugation

30
Q

Types of PPE

A

Levels A - D, with A being the highest level of protection

31
Q

Boundary between the exclusion zone and the contaminant reduction zone

A

Hotline

32
Q

Area free of contamination

A

Support Zone

33
Q

Contaminated area

A

Exclusion Zone

34
Q

Area set aside around exclusion zone for personnel and equipment decontamination (transition zone)

A

Contaminant Reduction Zone

35
Q

After the nature of HW is determined, safety plans are developed and HW sites are zoned

A

Site Control

36
Q

Physical entry into potential HW site with PPE

A

Onsite Survey

37
Q

Background information and reconnaissance of waster site before entry

A

Pre-entry Offsite Characterization

38
Q

Waste site safety procedures

A
  1. Develop organizational structure
  2. Comprehensive work plan
  3. Implementation of site safety and health plan
  4. Coordination of operations w/ local officials
39
Q

Combustion of HW to change waste composition by driving off volatiles

A

Incineration

40
Q

Separation of volatiles through endothermic reactions at low temps in the absence of oxygen

A

Pyrolysis

41
Q

Confined, shallow subsurface containment

A

Landfill

42
Q

Soil is used as disposal with simultaneous treatment

A

Land Farm

43
Q

Non-flowing HW that may be used as storage, treatment or disposal

A

Waste Pile

44
Q

Surface facilities designed to hold liquid wastes or liquid containing wastes.

A

Surface impoundment

45
Q

Disposal of liquid wastes into the subsurface

A

Deep well injection

46
Q

Utilization of mines to dispose of waste

A

Underground disposal

47
Q

Secured subsurface voids for waste disposal

A

Vaults/Bunkers

48
Q

Inorganic chemicals or polymers are added to waste liquids to cause the agglomeration very fine particles

A

Coagulation/Flocculation

49
Q

Transfer of dissolved molecules from a liquid to a vapor state usually by passing air or gas through the liquid waste

A

Stripping

50
Q

What is an example of an infectious waste?

A

Hypodermic needle

51
Q

What hazardous waste disposal method uses combustion to change hazardous waste composition and drive off volatiles?

A

Incineration

52
Q

What type of nuclear waste is the result of reprocessing nuclear fuels or from making of nuclear weapons?

A

TUR - Transuranic Waste

53
Q

What term best describes the recovery of a valuable material from a hazardous waste?

A

Reclamation

54
Q

What term describes the use or reuse of material as an ingredient in another product?

A

Recycling

Environmental Waste Management (4 decks)

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