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Environmental Waste Management > Alternative Land Disposal - Exam II Material > Flashcards

Alternative Land Disposal - Exam II Material Flashcards

1
Q

Environmental Effects of Mining

A
  1. Dmg to land
  2. Health and Safety of Workers
  3. Dust Pollution
  4. Noise Pollution
  5. Release of Toxic Substances
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2
Q

Environmental Effects of Mining: Smelters

A
  • On-site processing
  • Emission of SO2, NOx, and CO2
  • Particulate matter carrying metals
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3
Q

Injection of hot fluids, acid solutions, or microbes

A

In-situ mining

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4
Q

Bulk material removed in mining that is generally used for backfilling in modern mines

A

Waste Dumps

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5
Q

Oxidation of sulfide minerals, releases metals and free hydrogen into solution

A

Acid Mine Drainage

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6
Q

Factors for Disposal / Storage in Conventional Mines

A
  1. Hydrologic Conditions
  2. Depth
  3. Mine Stability
  4. Safety
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7
Q

Factors to be considered for Radioactive Waste Disposal

A
  1. Geologic Stability
  2. Natural Resources
  3. Hydrogeology
  4. Rock Characteristics
  5. Depth
  6. Geo-Chemical Resistance
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8
Q

Repository for transuranic waste, suited for housing high grade waste in the future
**Located in New Mexico

A

Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)

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9
Q

WIPP Geology

A
  • 2150 feet below surface
  • Salt is geologically stable and flows plastically under high pressure
  • Region is tectonically stable
  • Arid env w/ little precip.
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10
Q

WIPP History

A

Operations began in 1999

Expected lifespan until 2070

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11
Q

Facilities designed to hold an accumulation of liquid wastes or wastes containing free liquids

A

Surface impoundments

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12
Q

Used as treatment facilities where incoming and outflowing wastes are either in steady state or in an intermittent state.

A

Treatment-Type Surface Impoundment

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13
Q

Storage structures that are designed to accommodate some liquid surge / equalization

A

Storage-Type Surface Impoundment

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14
Q

Waste evaporation and disposal impoundments

A

Nondischarge-Type Surface Impoundment

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15
Q

Cover impoundments during rainy season, uncover during the dry season

A

Removable Covers

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16
Q

Float directly upon waste product and move up and down with product
**Large impoundments

A

Floating Covers

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17
Q

Geomembrane fixed at upper edge of impoundment that is domed towards center
** Small impoundments

A

Fixed Cover

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18
Q

Removal, sampling to verify decontamination and backfilling

A

Clean Closure

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19
Q

Treatment of contaminated media at site followed by installation of a final cover over the treated waste

A

In-Place Closure

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20
Q

Practice of using soils as a medium for the simultaneous disposal and treatment of hazardous waste

A

Land Farming

21
Q

What is land farming best suited for?

A
  • Petroleum wastes

- Sewage sludge

22
Q

Goal of land farming?

A

To degrade, transform and immobolize waste through natural biodegredation

23
Q

Disposal of waste products into geologic formations down boreholes

A

Deep Well Injection

24
Q

Injection of hazardous / nonhazardous waste from industrial / municipal waste into a geologic formation

A

Class I Well

25
Q

Petroleum exploration and injection of formation fluids brought up during petroleum production and enhanced recovery of petroleum

A

Class II Well

26
Q

Wells used for mineral extraction, including solution mining

A

Class III Wells

27
Q

Injection for disposal of radioactive or HW into or above USDW

A

Class IV Wells

28
Q

All other wells that do not fit into the 4 other classes of injection

A

Class V Wells

29
Q

The separation of wastewater into a treated effluent that can be safely released into the environment and solid waste or sludge

A

Sewage Treatment

30
Q

Household wastewater that includes feces and urine

A

Blackwater

31
Q

Any household wastewater that does not include feces or urine

A

Greywater

32
Q

Screening to remove of large items that might clog pumps and pipes; settling

A

Pretreatment

33
Q

Sedimentation tanks used to separate sludge

A

Primary Treatment

34
Q

Aerobic microbes are used to degrade sewage water

A

Secondary Treatment

35
Q

Additional clarification of water through use of filtration

A

Tertiary Treatment

36
Q

Treatment to reduce the number of microorganisms that are released back into the env.

A

Disinfection

37
Q

25% of the US population is not on a municipal sewage system. What do they use instead?

A

Septic Tank System

38
Q

Domestic sewage treatment that involves aerobic degradation of waste instead of he typical anaerobic septic systems

A

Aerobic Treatment System

39
Q

What is the most common preservative used today?

A

Formalin

40
Q

Outer enclosure that surrounds the casket made of concrete, plastic or metal

A

Burial Vault

41
Q

Side and cover cap for casket to prevent grave collapse

A

Burial Liner

42
Q

Common from the 18th to the early 20th century, where fluids were drained and replaced in order to transport soldiers home

A

Arsenic preservation

43
Q

High temperature waste treatment system through combustion of organic materials and / or substances

A

Incineration

44
Q

What class of wells is associated with petroleum exploration and injection of formation fluids brought up during petroleum production and enhanced recovery of petroleum?

A

Class II

45
Q

What is the name of the only active underground disposal facility for transuranic waste in the U.S.?

A

WIPP

46
Q

What type of minin operation is conducted most often to extract lignite in East Texas?

A

Open pit

47
Q

What type of mining uses injection of hot fluids to melt minerals in the subsurface that are then pumped to the surface and precipitated?

A

In situ

48
Q

What term describes temporary, subsurface storage facilities for hazardous waste, military waste, and radioactive waste that are usually composed of reinforced concrete with liners depending on purpose?

A

Concrete vaults and Bunkers

Environmental Waste Management (4 decks)

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