HVII GOVERNING

Question 1

What did the Royal Council do?

Answer 1

Advised Henry VII and helped with day-to-day governing

Question 2

How many men were listed on the Royal Council?

Answer 2

227

Question 3

Who are two examples of people on the Royal Council?

Answer 3

John Morton and Reginald Bray

Question 4

What did the Council Learned in the Law do?

Answer 4

1) Pursue Henry’s feudal rights (what everyone in the country owed to the king - payments and soldiers - in return for the land he owned and distributed)
2) Enforce bonds and recognisances

Question 5

What did Henry VII do about regional differences in his reign?

Answer 5

He allowed different systems of government for different regions (e.g. Wales was governed by the Council of Wales)

Question 6

What was the Privy Chamber?

Answer 6

The most intimate of Henry VII’s private rooms

Question 7

What was the importance of the Privy Chamber?

Answer 7

It had the greatest access to the king and changed the character of the court as it reduced overall access to the monarch. Having access to the monarch increased one’s power/influence - personal monarchy.

Question 8

What influenced the creation of the Privy Chamber?

Answer 8

The betrayal that was the treason of Sir William Stanley 1495

Question 9

What did historian Steven Gunn say about Henry VII’s government in 2016?

Answer 9

That the strengths of Henry VII’s regime ‘enabled his son’s yet more ambitious undertakings and in some ways shaped their direction’

Question 10

How many times did Henry VII call Parliament in his reign?

Answer 10

7

Question 11

What two Acts were prominent in Henry VII’s first Parliament?

Answer 11

1) Acts of Attainder - against those who fought in Bosworth
2) 1486 Act of Resumption - returned all land that the Crown had granted away since 1455.

Question 12

When did Parliament grant extra taxation to Henry VII?

Answer 12

1489 (Brittany) and 1491-2 (France)

Question 13

When was the Star Chamber established?

Answer 13

1487

Question 14

What did the Star Chamber do?

Answer 14

Prosecuted rioting, rebellion, retaining and the corruption of justice. It also heard petitions against the rulings of other courts.

Question 15

What did the Court of Equity do?

Answer 15

The monarch could dispense justice if the law was unable to deal with a crime adequately (e.g. if someone was so powerful locally that juries were scared to convict)

Question 16

What did the Court of Chancery do?

Answer 16

Heard cases on feudal rights and complaints about mistakes the Crown made.

Question 17

Which institution was more powerful in respect to feudal rights?

Answer 17

The Council Learned in the Law

Question 18

How many JPs were there per county?

Answer 18

About 18

Question 19

What were the new powers of JPs?

Answer 19

1487: they could grant bail to those awaiting trial
1495: they could vet (background check) juries and replace jury members who were thought to have been bribed.

Question 20

How often did Henry VII appoint JPs?

Answer 20

Annually

Question 21

What is relief?

Answer 21

A tax paid upon inheriting land

Question 22

What is wardship?

Answer 22

Control of the lands and revenues of underage heirs

Question 23

What is livery?

Answer 23

Paid by wards when they took control of their land

Question 24

What did the Court of Audit do?

Answer 24

Monitor wider government spending

Question 25

Why did Henry VII use the Chamber/Privy Chamber system more than that of the Exchequer?

Answer 25

They were more efficient and less people were involved, meaning he had more control over them.

Question 26

What are 4 types of extraordinary revenue?

Answer 26

1) Bonds and recognisances
2) Loans and benevolances
3) Feudal dues for specific occasions (e.g. marriages, knighthoods, etc.)
4) Special taxes granted by Parliament for specific needs