HVII FOREIGN POLICY Flashcards
WHEN did England truce with Scotland?
1486
WHEN was Perkin Warbeck welcomed in Scotland and for how long?
James IV welcomed Warbeck in the summer of 1495 and he stayed there for 2 years.
WHAT did James IV give to Perkin Warbeck?
£1,200 p/a pension and marriage to James’ cousin
WHEN did Scotland invade England (and with who)?
1496 - King James IV and Perkin Warbeck invaded England with an army (Warbeck was encouraged by James)
What were the consequences of the Scottish invasion of England?
1) Peace with Scotland (James IV signed the Truce of Ayton)
2) Henry’s demand for tax due to the size of his army led to the Cornish rebellion of 1497. It became clear that peace with Scotland was in the interests of England.
WHEN was the Treaty of Perpetual Peace made?
1502
WHAT was the Treaty of Perpetual Peace?
Treaty between England and Scotland (formed from the Truce of Ayton) which included a marriage alliance between King James IV of Scotland and Henry’s daughter, Princess Margaret.
What was the area of Ireland that England had power over?
The Pale
Who had the Earl of Kildare supported and when?
Lambert Simnel (1486) and Perkin Warbeck (1491)
WHEN and HOW did Henry VII establish royal authority in Ireland?
1491-1496
Henry VII appointed his infant son as Lieutenant of Ireland and appointed Sir Edward Poynings as his deputy. Royal authority was mainly established through threat of force and bribery.
WHAT did Poynings do in Ireland?
1) ‘Poynings’ Law’ - 1495 which laid down that the Irish Parliament could not pass a law with English approval
2) He also tried to implement English law in Ireland
Why did English control in Ireland fail?
1) It was too expensive and Henry decided to use the cheaper option of Kildare instead
2) Warbeck returned in 1495 and besieged the town of Waterford
Why did relations between England and Ireland stay fairly peaceful after Poynings was recalled?
In 1496, Kildare decided that there was no benefit supporting the Yorkists and began to serve Henry VII loyally.
WHEN did Henry summon extraordinary revenue in order to raise an army in aid of Brittany?
1489
WHY did Henry raise an army in aid of Brittany?
France invaded Brittany in 1487.
WHAT was the Treaty of Redon?
An agreement between England and Brittany where Duchess Anne of Brittany paid for a small England army to defend Brittany against France
WHEN was the Treaty of Redon?
February 1489
Who (as well as Brittany) did the Treaty of Redon strengthen alliances with and why?
Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian as he had contracted a marriage-by-proxy with Duchess Anne
WHEN did Brittany surrender to France (+ what happened)?
In 1491 Duchess Anne reluctantly married Charles VIII of France, leaving the English army marooned in Brittany (and losing the alliance between England and the HRE)
When did Perkin Warbeck land in France?
1491
WHEN did England invade France?
1492
WHY did England invade France?
It was a tactical move as Henry VII knew that Charles VIII was more interested in invading Italy so he would quickly seek a peace settlement with England.
WHEN was the Treaty of Etaples?
November 1492
WHAT was the Treaty of Etaples?
A peace treaty between England and France where France agreed to withdraw support for Perkin Warbeck and not shelter any English rebels. They also agreed to pay Henry VII an annual income in compensation for Henry recruiting an army of invasion
Who was Margaret of Burgundy the relative of?
She was the sister of Richard III, so supported Yorkists.
Why was Burgundy important for commercial reasons?
Many of England’s exports went through the ports like those of Antwerp and Bruges which came under Burgundy’s juridiction.
What years did Perkin Warbeck have support from Burgundy?
1490-1496
What does Henry’s trade embargo against Burgundy in 1496 show in relation to his priorities?
It shows that Henry valued the security of the Tudor dynasty over trade.
WHEN was the Intercursus Magnus signed?
1496
WHAT was the Intercursus Magnus
Trade agreement between England and Burgundy which marked the end of Burgundy’s support for Warbeck and the English trade embargo against Burgundy
WHEN were the Treaty of Windsor and the Intercurus Malus introduced?
1506
WHAT was the Treaty of Windsor?
Philip and Maximilian agreed to hand over the Yorkist fugitive the Earl of Suffolk (Edmund de la Pole). There was also a proposed marriage alliance between Henry VII and Philip’s sister Archduchess Margaret (but this never happened)
WHAT was the Intercursus Malus
Henry VII demanded a trade deal where English merchants did not have to pay trade duties when trading with Burgundy but Dutch merchants still had to pay full trade duties. This was never put into practice.
WHEN was the Treaty of Medina del Campo signed?
1489
WHAT were the terms of the Treaty of Medina del Campo?
1) Each agreed not to harbour rebels or pretenders
2) Equal trading rights were given to each other’s merchants
3) Both agreed not to make treaties with France without sounding the other out first.
4) Arranged a marriage alliance between Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon
When did Arthur and Catherine get married?
By proxy in 1499 and for real in 1501.
When did Arthur die and why was this bad for England’s foreign policy?
1502 - it was the end of the marriage alliance between England and Spain and Ferdinand of Spain did not want Catherine to marry Prince Henry as Henry VII proposed (as they would need a papal dispensation - the Pope’s permission - and he had little need for an English alliance)
What situation did Henry take advantage of to improve relations with Spain and Burgundy in 1506?
Juana (who was in competition with Ferdinand for the Spanish throne) and Philip of Burgundy were shipwrecked at England on their way to Spain. Henry got them to sign the Treaty of Windsor.
When did Philip of Burgundy die and why was this bad for England’s foreign policy?
1506 - after his death Juana in her grief was described (by her father, Ferdinand) as having gone mad. Ferdinand became regent of Spain who ensured that Prince Henry would not marry Catherine during Henry VII’s lifetime.
