HVII FOREIGN POLICY

Question 1

WHEN did England truce with Scotland?

Answer 1

1486

Question 2

WHEN was Perkin Warbeck welcomed in Scotland and for how long?

Answer 2

James IV welcomed Warbeck in the summer of 1495 and he stayed there for 2 years.

Question 3

WHAT did James IV give to Perkin Warbeck?

Answer 3

£1,200 p/a pension and marriage to James’ cousin

Question 4

WHEN did Scotland invade England (and with who)?

Answer 4

1496 - King James IV and Perkin Warbeck invaded England with an army (Warbeck was encouraged by James)

Question 5

What were the consequences of the Scottish invasion of England?

Answer 5

1) Peace with Scotland (James IV signed the Truce of Ayton)
2) Henry’s demand for tax due to the size of his army led to the Cornish rebellion of 1497. It became clear that peace with Scotland was in the interests of England.

Question 6

WHEN was the Treaty of Perpetual Peace made?

Answer 6

1502

Question 7

WHAT was the Treaty of Perpetual Peace?

Answer 7

Treaty between England and Scotland (formed from the Truce of Ayton) which included a marriage alliance between King James IV of Scotland and Henry’s daughter, Princess Margaret.

Question 8

What was the area of Ireland that England had power over?

Answer 8

The Pale

Question 9

Who had the Earl of Kildare supported and when?

Answer 9

Lambert Simnel (1486) and Perkin Warbeck (1491)

Question 10

WHEN and HOW did Henry VII establish royal authority in Ireland?

Answer 10

1491-1496
Henry VII appointed his infant son as Lieutenant of Ireland and appointed Sir Edward Poynings as his deputy. Royal authority was mainly established through threat of force and bribery.

Question 11

WHAT did Poynings do in Ireland?

Answer 11

1) ‘Poynings’ Law’ - 1495 which laid down that the Irish Parliament could not pass a law with English approval
2) He also tried to implement English law in Ireland

Question 12

Why did English control in Ireland fail?

Answer 12

1) It was too expensive and Henry decided to use the cheaper option of Kildare instead
2) Warbeck returned in 1495 and besieged the town of Waterford

Question 13

Why did relations between England and Ireland stay fairly peaceful after Poynings was recalled?

Answer 13

In 1496, Kildare decided that there was no benefit supporting the Yorkists and began to serve Henry VII loyally.

Question 14

WHEN did Henry summon extraordinary revenue in order to raise an army in aid of Brittany?

Answer 14

1489

Question 15

WHY did Henry raise an army in aid of Brittany?

Answer 15

France invaded Brittany in 1487.

Question 16

WHAT was the Treaty of Redon?

Answer 16

An agreement between England and Brittany where Duchess Anne of Brittany paid for a small England army to defend Brittany against France

Question 17

WHEN was the Treaty of Redon?

Answer 17

February 1489

Question 18

Who (as well as Brittany) did the Treaty of Redon strengthen alliances with and why?

Answer 18

Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian as he had contracted a marriage-by-proxy with Duchess Anne

Question 19

WHEN did Brittany surrender to France (+ what happened)?

Answer 19

In 1491 Duchess Anne reluctantly married Charles VIII of France, leaving the English army marooned in Brittany (and losing the alliance between England and the HRE)

Question 20

When did Perkin Warbeck land in France?

Answer 20

1491

Question 21

WHEN did England invade France?

Answer 21

1492

Question 22

WHY did England invade France?

Answer 22

It was a tactical move as Henry VII knew that Charles VIII was more interested in invading Italy so he would quickly seek a peace settlement with England.

Question 23

WHEN was the Treaty of Etaples?

Answer 23

November 1492

Question 24

WHAT was the Treaty of Etaples?

Answer 24

A peace treaty between England and France where France agreed to withdraw support for Perkin Warbeck and not shelter any English rebels. They also agreed to pay Henry VII an annual income in compensation for Henry recruiting an army of invasion

Question 25

Who was Margaret of Burgundy the relative of?

Answer 25

She was the sister of Richard III, so supported Yorkists.

Question 26

Why was Burgundy important for commercial reasons?

Answer 26

Many of England’s exports went through the ports like those of Antwerp and Bruges which came under Burgundy’s juridiction.

Question 27

What years did Perkin Warbeck have support from Burgundy?

Answer 27

1490-1496

Question 28

What does Henry’s trade embargo against Burgundy in 1496 show in relation to his priorities?

Answer 28

It shows that Henry valued the security of the Tudor dynasty over trade.

Question 29

WHEN was the Intercursus Magnus signed?

Answer 29

1496

Question 30

WHAT was the Intercursus Magnus

Answer 30

Trade agreement between England and Burgundy which marked the end of Burgundy’s support for Warbeck and the English trade embargo against Burgundy

Question 31

WHEN were the Treaty of Windsor and the Intercurus Malus introduced?

Answer 31

1506

Question 32

WHAT was the Treaty of Windsor?

Answer 32

Philip and Maximilian agreed to hand over the Yorkist fugitive the Earl of Suffolk (Edmund de la Pole). There was also a proposed marriage alliance between Henry VII and Philip’s sister Archduchess Margaret (but this never happened)

Question 33

WHAT was the Intercursus Malus

Answer 33

Henry VII demanded a trade deal where English merchants did not have to pay trade duties when trading with Burgundy but Dutch merchants still had to pay full trade duties. This was never put into practice.

Question 34

WHEN was the Treaty of Medina del Campo signed?

Answer 34

1489

Question 35

WHAT were the terms of the Treaty of Medina del Campo?

Answer 35

1) Each agreed not to harbour rebels or pretenders
2) Equal trading rights were given to each other’s merchants
3) Both agreed not to make treaties with France without sounding the other out first.
4) Arranged a marriage alliance between Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon

Question 36

When did Arthur and Catherine get married?

Answer 36

By proxy in 1499 and for real in 1501.

Question 37

When did Arthur die and why was this bad for England’s foreign policy?

Answer 37

1502 - it was the end of the marriage alliance between England and Spain and Ferdinand of Spain did not want Catherine to marry Prince Henry as Henry VII proposed (as they would need a papal dispensation - the Pope’s permission - and he had little need for an English alliance)

Question 38

What situation did Henry take advantage of to improve relations with Spain and Burgundy in 1506?

Answer 38

Juana (who was in competition with Ferdinand for the Spanish throne) and Philip of Burgundy were shipwrecked at England on their way to Spain. Henry got them to sign the Treaty of Windsor.

Question 39

When did Philip of Burgundy die and why was this bad for England’s foreign policy?

Answer 39

1506 - after his death Juana in her grief was described (by her father, Ferdinand) as having gone mad. Ferdinand became regent of Spain who ensured that Prince Henry would not marry Catherine during Henry VII’s lifetime.