HVII Consolidation of power 1485-1547

Question 1

Summary of the war of the roses…

Answer 1

• York vs Lancaster
• white rose vs red rose
• both houses had claim to the throne
• Battle of Bodsworth ended it 1485

Question 2

Strengths of Henry VII

Answer 2

• Descendant from a king
• Exiled by his mother at 14
• had no involvement in the war of the roses
• married to Elizabeth of York
• brings future alliances with France because of his exile in Brittany

Question 3

Weaknesses of Henry VII

Answer 3

• had a we claim to the throne through the female line
• no experience with the political system of England
• Insecure and paranoid

Question 4

Who had a stronger claim to the throne than Henry?

Answer 4

• Elizabeth of York
• Edward Earl of Warwick
• John de la pole

Question 5

Who was Lord Thomas Stanley 1435-1509

Answer 5

• Henry VII’s stepfather
• Stood aside from the battlefield
• his intervention on behalf of Henry was crucial
• Was made Earl of Derby

Question 6

Who was Sir William Stanley 1435-95

Answer 6

• Rewarded with the post of Lord chaimberlan which gave him political influence
• Enabled the development of his estate in Cheshire and North Wales
• was a shock when he was accused of treason

Question 7

How did Henry defeat Richard at the Battle of Bodsworth ?

Answer 7

Heard of opposition towards richard. began to gather troops. Got financial support from the king of France. Travelled across Wales met Thomas Stanley and gained more troops then travelled to the battlefield

Question 8

What did Henry do to consolidate his power in the early years of his reign.

Answer 8

• predate his reign to 21st August 1485
• Marry Elizabeth of York in 1486
• Crowned King in October 1485
• began a progress
• got the backing of the pope

Question 9

Who is the Earl of Warwick?

Answer 9

• son of Edward IV’s brother, Duke of Clarence
• Placed in Tower of London 1485
• stayed in the tower except for occasional public appearances
• alleged to have plotted with Perkin Warbeck in 1499

Question 10

Who is Jon de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln?

Answer 10

• Nephew of Ed IV and Richard III
• Designated successor
• A Yorkist leader in the aftermath of Bodsworth

Question 11

Who was Margaret of burgundy?

Answer 11

• Sister of Edward IV and Richard III
• never reconciled to the tudor takeover
• dowager duchess of Burgundy
• access to funds which enabled encouragement of Yorkist claimants

Question 12

The threat of Viscount lovell and the Stafford 1486?

Answer 12

• minor rising 1486 at Easter
• led by Francis Viscount lovell and Humphrey Stafford
• out of fear Henry wouldn’t give them any local power
• lovell tried in the North Riding of Yorkshire and Stafford tried in the Midlands, they had been in sanctuary
• lovell escaped and Stafford captured and executed( his younger brother Thomas was pardoned

Question 13

How did Henry overcome the threat?

Answer 13

• there was poor uprising leadership
• local gentry stood firm for Henry
• Richards tarnished rep
• Benefit from la of foreign support and planning
• Henrys response was proportionate

Question 14

The threat of Lambert Simnel?

Answer 14

• tutored for the purpose of impersonating Richard Duke of York ( switched to Earl of Warwick)
• conspiracy put together by John De la Pole Earl of lincon (a Yorkist claimant)
• Lincon deserted Henry at court after supporting him to go to Margaret of burgundy and gained her support
• she paid for 2000 German mercenaries to invade England with around 8000 Irish soldiers
• captured at the Battle of Stoke and given a job in the Royal kitchens

Question 15

The battle of Stoke Field

Answer 15

• Henry gathered advisors
• the two armies met at East Stoke near Newark
• Henry was not confident incase he got double crossed like Richard did
• Henrys army was led successfully by the Earl Of Oxford
• Earl of Lincoln (John de la pole) was killed in battle
• Henry was victorious

Question 16

Why was Henry’s victory at Stoke Field significant?

Answer 16

• it was this battle that brought an end to the war of the roses
• Henry’s position became safer

Question 17

What are bonds of good behaviour?

Answer 17

When giving bonds to landowners, Henry recognised himself as owing the lump sum stated. The sum did not have to paid back as long as there was good behaviour

Question 18

Threats of Lambert Simnel’s rebellion:

Answer 18

• strong leadership- provided a figurehead for yorkists
• The presence of Lovell and Lincoln gave the rebellion status
• strategy was the land in the north and gain support then march to london. When the the march faded they planned to engage the king in a battle

Question 19

In which ways was the Lambert Simnel rebellion not a threat?

Answer 19

• they failed to get support of the gentry
• failed to gain widespread English support - majority of it was foreign military support
• Henry made no attempt to negotiate with the rebels and raised an army

Question 20

The threat of Perkin Warbeck?

Answer 20

• began to impersonate Richard Duke of York 1491 at french court of Charles VIII
• trained by Margaret of Burgundy as a potential yorkist prince
• fled to scottish court after first attempt to land in england failed
• his final attempt was in 1497 as he exploited the uncertainties of the cornish rebellion
• this failed and he surrendered, was allowed in court but then placed in the tower when he tried to escape

Question 21

How did Henry remove Warbeck from Scottish court?

Answer 21

He offered James IV to marry his daughter Margaret.

Question 22

Who was Warbeck executed alongside?

Answer 22

The Earl of Warwick as they both tried to escape the tower.

Question 23

Why was it convenient for Henry to execute the Earl of Warwick in 1497?

Answer 23

He was the most obvious Yorkist claimant to the throne

Question 24

How Warbeck’s rebellion was threatening..

Answer 24

• Was 25 years older than Simnel and looked more the part of a Yorkist prince
• It was likely Margaret of Burgundy was central to the rebellion
• Henry had poor relations with France and Scotland at the time and both countries used Warbeck to put pressure on Henry - they made invasions possible and prolonged the threat

Question 25

The threat of Edmund (Earl of Suffolk) and Richard De La Pole?

Answer 25

• Younger brothers of the Earl of Lincoln (John De La Pole)
• Suffolk fled to flanders in 1498 after killing a man to appear before the kings court
• Returned from exile but fled again in 1501 with his brother Richard
• they found refuge in the court of Emperor Maximilian and he promised to help them

Question 26

How did Henry try to get the De La Pole brothers back in England?

Answer 26

• He gave Maximilian £10 000 but he didn’t hand them over.
•His son Archduke Philip of Burgundy took advantage of H’s insecurity to force trade concessions
• H brought all trade to an end in Jan 1905 (embargo)

Question 27

How did the crisis end for Henry?

Answer 27

• Ended because of the death of Isabella of Castille and the storm that blew Philip of Burgundy on to English coast
• To pay for his expedition to gain Spanish throne, he loaned £138,000 from H in return for Suffolk in 1506
• Treaty of Windsor was created 1506 and Suffolk imprisoned in the tower (executed 1513 by HVIII)