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Tudors A-Level > Henry VII's government > Flashcards

Henry VII's government Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main functions of the Council?

A
  • to advise the king
  • to administer the realm on the Kings behalf
  • to make legal judgement
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2
Q

What are the three main types of councillor?

A
  • members of the nobility ( Daubeney and Dynham)
  • Churchmen ( John Morton and Richard Fox)
  • Laymen ( Reginald Bray and Edmund Dudley)
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3
Q

What is the Great Council?

A

An occasional gathering of the House of lords with no clearly defined functions. Mainly due to issues related to war rebellion it national security.

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4
Q

Who was John Morton?

A
  • A churchman and lawyer
  • Public career as a lancastrian
  • made peace with the yorkists to serve Edward IV
  • became bishop of Ely and then bishop of Canterbury by H in 1486
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5
Q

Who was Richard Fox?

A
  • 1447-1528
  • began serving HVII while he was in exile
    -1485 became bishop of Exeter and Lord keeper of the seal
  • made bishop of Bath and Wells, Durham and Winchester
  • managed the transition of the crown from Richard III to HVII
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6
Q

Who was Sir Reginald Bray?

A
  • faithful servant of H
  • Helped raise funds for the battle of Bodsworth
  • Influenced through his role of chancellor
  • Thomas Penn described him as “Kings chief executive”
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7
Q

The role of the Council Learned in law?

A
  • developed during the second half of the reign by Sir Reginald Bray
  • met in the office of the Duchy of Lancaster
  • function to maintain the Kings Revenue
  • ensures henry gets all the money he is entitled to
  • made the system of bonds and recognisances
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8
Q

Who was Richard Empson?

A
  • A member of the kings council from 1494
  • Eventually chaired the council learned
  • arrested after the death of the king charged with treason and executed
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9
Q

Who was Edmund Dudley?

A
  • came to prominence after the death of Bray
  • role to exploit financial opportunities- to make influential enemies
  • became vulnerable to counter-attack as soon as he lost the kings protection
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10
Q

The role of the royal court?

A
  • the centre of government
  • focus on a personal monarchy
  • a place for royal ceremonies and found wherever the kind was
  • where the power of the monarch was demonstrated
  • how rewards and status were distributed
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11
Q

What were the different levels of court?

A
  • household proper ( look after the king )
  • the Chamber ( looked after by the lord chaimberlain )
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12
Q

What was the privy chamber?

A
  • a place the king could retreat protected by his most intimate servants
  • members had direct access to the monarch
  • made it more difficult for those out of favour to gain the kings support
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13
Q

Who were the people closest to him?

A
  • Jasper Tudor
  • Earl of Oxford
  • Lord Stanley
  • Lady Margaret Beaufort
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14
Q

What were Henry’s policies towards the church?

A

• the privilege of sanctuary was attacked and only the king could grant it for treason
• H appointed more Bishops who were lawyers than theologians
• Henry requires Bishops to serve the state as well as the Church

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15
Q

The legal system of the church

A

• They had a separate legal system to the state - the king had no influence over operation of church courts
• Henry ensured the authority of the church should not prejudice his rights and interests as king
• A penalty was introduced for praemunire - life imprisonment and loss of property

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16
Q

What was the function of Parliament?

A

• To pass laws
• To grant taxation to the crown
• only met occasionally and was not central to the system of gov

17
Q

Who was the House of Lords made up of?

A

• Lords Spiritual (bishops and abbots)
• Lord Temporal (nobility)

18
Q

Who was the House of Commons made up of?

A

• Two MP’s from each county
• Two MP’s from each borough
• Reps of Oxford and Cambridge Uni
• Right to vote was only for men of property

19
Q

How many Parliaments did Henry call?

A

7 ( 5 in the first 10 years and 2 in the last 14)

20
Q

What did his first parliaments pass/ grant?

A

• Acts of Attainder
• Tonnage and Poundage
• extraordinary revenue

21
Q

Why was the maintenance of law and order necessary?

A

It could lead to uprisings or rebellions, Henry was also concerned of potential enemies exploiting trouble and challenging his authority.

22
Q

Who exercised power across the nation?

A

Well placed members of the nobility

23
Q

How did Henry use magnates?

A

• they controlled each sphere of influence under Edward IV
• Their numbers reduced after the War of the Roses
• Became confined to the North - to H’s relatives the Stanley’s (NW) and the Earl of Northumberland (NE + Yorkshire)

24
Q

What did H do after the murder of the Earl of Northumberland 1489?

A

He released Yorkist Earl of Surrey from the tower to rule the north on his behalf

25
Q

Why was it a risk sending the Earl of Surrey to rule the north?

A

He was a known supporter of Richard III

26
Q

Who else did Henry rely on to rule different regions?

A

• The Earl of Oxford
• Lords Daubeney
• The Marquis of Dorset

27
Q

Why did Henry not create one system of local government?

A

Royal control was uneven from place to place so created an appropriate system for each region.

28
Q

What legal system was used in England?

A

Justices of the Peace

29
Q

Why was the kings authority limited in the north?

A

• It was extremely far from the centre of power
• Was loyal to the House of York
• Was limited mainly in country Durham ( the prince bishop governed the palatine as a semi-independent ruler)

30
Q

How did Henry govern Scotland?

A

He didn’t as it was a separate kingdom and was closer to France

31
Q

How did Henry govern Wales?

A

He restored the Council of Wales and staffed it with welsh nobles. Under leadership of Jasper Tudor and honorary control of Arthur

32
Q

How did Henry control Ireland?

A

•H was Lord of Ireland. The real power was given to the clan chieftains.
•The Earl of Kildare was his deputy - his sympathy for pretenders meant he was replaced by Sir Edward Poynings
• His attempt to restore Irish Parliament failed - Kildare reinstated 1496

33
Q

What were Justices of the Peace?

A

• local landowners who maintained law and order in the country
• met 4 times a year to administer justice
• 18 per county - fulfilled unpaid tasks out of duty/idea they would gain prestige

34
Q

What were Justices of the peace responsible for?

A

• Tax assessment
• alehouse regulation
• investigation of complaints against local officials
• Maintenance of law and order

35
Q

What were bonds and recognisances used for?

A

To enforce order and obedience and defeat the law

36
Q

What was Henry’s relationships with the nobles conditioned on?

A

• The idea that the throne could be usurped from him as he had done
• The majority of people were sick of instability in england so he needed to bring that for the country

Tudors A-Level (4 decks)

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