HVII Flashcards
Foreign policy
aims:
- eliminate claimants to the throne
- maintain trade with burgundy
- avoid conflict
- marry off his heirs
EVENTS
Breton Crisis - 1487
- sends token 500 troops in beginning - 3,000 later
- invades at the end of campaign season
- betrayed by Maximilian HRE
- Treaty of Medina Del Campo - secures marriage alliance between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon
- Treaty of Etaples - ends French support for Perkin Warbeck
Italian Wars - 1494
- does not participate
- alliance with Spain and trade deal with France
Castilian Succession Crisis 1504
- gets Edmund de la Pole from HRE court (despite breaking alliance with Ferdinand - allies with Philip instead)
- loses marriage alliance for Arthur
- loses a lot of money
- trade treaty of Burgundy
- international reputation plummets
Scotland
- JIV comes of age 1488
- Perkin Warbeck marries JIV’s cousin - Henry launches full scale invasion
- Treaty of Perpetual Peace - marries off Margaret to JIV
- Warbeck goes to Cornwall - get captured and executed
League of Cambrai - Henry excluded
Government
personal monarchy - chamber system
privy chamber - created after the betrayal of William Stanley in 1495
CLL - Empson and Dudley - exploitation of the King’s prerogative rights
- secured lots of funding for the king through bonds and recognisance
- shady and distrusted by the people
Parliament - only called 7 times
- mainly for Acts of Attainder and war funding
- Henry was assertive and generally got what he wanted (although always given slightly less money than what he asked for)
- Corporations Act 1504 - assert his authority
local government
- Council of the North
- Council in Wales - led by Jasper Tudor - use of trusted individuals
- use of JPs - local gentry
use of new men eg Empson
rebellions
Yorkshire 1489
- tax for war with France - York not exempt and had poor harvest
- Northumberland failed to persuade HVII - killed by rebels
- Earl of Surrey sent to quell rebellion - prove loyalty
- only leader Egremont executed
- 18 nobles supported Henry
- danger - in Yorkist heartland
- new northumberland put under Henry’s wardship - more secure in the future
Cornish 1497
- tax for war with Scotland - Cornwall not exempt and not wealthy
- underestimated threat - made it all the way to outside Ldn in Blackheath
- defeated govt army of 500 led by Lord Daubney
- redirected troops from Scotland and a ‘civilian militia’ of 3,000 to defeat them
- danger - large degree of support and Perkin Warbeck
nobility
anti noble policies
- increase feudal dues ie for marriage
- limits retaining 1504
- bonds and recognisances 36/52
- Acts of attainder 138
not anti noble
- rewarded 37 knights of the garter
- did not ban retainers
- carrot & stick - allowed nobles to prove their loyalty eg Surrey
- summoned Great Council 5 times
- Act of Attainders were reversed
trade
merchant staples - raw wool
merchant adventurers - finished cloth to Antwerp
1489 - reduce influence of the hanseatic league
1489 - Treaty of Medina del Campo - free trade between England and Spain
1492 - Treaty of Etaples - all restrictions on England from France removed
1493 - trade embargo against Burgundy (Margaret supported Perkin Warbeck)
1498 - Magnus Intercursus - English ships could sell anywhere in Burgundy for free
1504 - all privileges restored to Hanse (so they wouldnt support the Earl of Suffolk)
1506 - Malus Intercursus - could use all of Philip’s port for free
1507 - revoked malus intercursus - back to magnus intercursus
threats to the throne
Lovel Rebellion 1486
- pre-empted by Henry - Humphrey Stafford executed + Lovell escaped to Burgundy
- no support
Lambert SImnel 1487
- foreign support from Margaret Burgundy - 2000 mercenaries
- crowned in Ireland
- Battle of Stokefield 8000 vs 12000 - close battle
Perkin Warbeck
- went to Ireland - no support
- French court - but support withdrew from Treaty of Etaples 1492
- recognised by Margaret Burgundy and HRE - trade embargo and sanctions for both
- married James IV cousin
- Cornish rebellion - backed by William Stanley 1495
Earl of Suffolk (Edmund de la Pole)
- supported by Maximilian HRE
- genuine claim
- extracted from HRE court during Castilian Succession Crisis 1504
religion
abuses
- absenteeism and pluralism
- simony
- ignorance
- selling of indulgences and relics
opposition
- Lollards - John Wycliffe - wanted the Bible in English
- Humanists - Erasmus - ‘ad fontes’ translated scripture - printing press usage
role of the church
- dispensed welfare
- education
- wool producers
- used by Henry as an instrument of control
had papal support
disliked the independent court system
