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AHW semester 1 > Husbandry system and housing > Flashcards

Husbandry system and housing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of husbandry?

A

The breeding, rearing and daily care of domestic animals

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2
Q

What are the consequences of poor husbandry on animals?

A

Hunger, disease, distress, abnormal behaviour, discomfort

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3
Q

What are the consequences of poor husbandry on people?

A

Zoonotic disease, emotional toil, costs, production losses

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4
Q

What are the main role of vets in animal husbandry?

A
  • support owners as they implement changes
  • ensure veterinary medicines are not used to compensate poor husbandry
  • lead mankind on issues of animal husbandry
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5
Q

What needs assessing?

A
  • legal requirements
  • handling
  • food and water
  • biosecurity
  • housing
  • hygiene
  • breeds and reproduction
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6
Q

How would you assess a husbandry system?

A
  • Analysis of records
  • Evaluation of resources
  • Animal assessments
  • People assessments
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7
Q

What is categorised as a clinical case and a sub-clinical case?

A 
Clinical = animals that are outwardly showing signs of disease
Sub-clinical = animals that appear normal but are diseased
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8
Q

What are the impacts on the environment due to expansion of farming?

A
  • habitats
  • biodiversity
  • carbon storage
  • soil conditions
  • green house gases
  • water degradation
  • pollution
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9
Q

What is agriculture the biggest contributor to?

A

Climate change

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10
Q

When is global food security achieved?

A

When all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary need and food preference

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11
Q

How can global food security be achieved?

A
  • Increase total agriculture production
  • Increase total food supply
  • Improve distribution and access to food
  • Increase resilience of whole food system
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12
Q

How can we reduce the environmental impacts of agriculture?

A
  • Stop expanding agriculture
  • Close yield gaps
  • Increase production on existing agricultural lands
  • Increase agricultural resource efficiency
  • Shift diets and reduce food waste
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13
Q

What are the 4 ways that heat is controlled in an animal?

A
  • Radiation (black coats radiate and absorb more heat)
  • Conduction (heat flow from animal to ground)
  • Convection - from the animal to the air
  • Evaporation of water
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14
Q

What is humidity?

A

% saturation of air by water vapour

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15
Q

Of the 4 ways that heat is lost from an animal, which way is insensible?

A

Evaporation

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16
Q

What is the name given to the group of animals that keep their core body temp constant?

A

Homeothermic endoderms

17
Q

What is the name of the group of animals designed to allow their core body temp to vary?

A

Poikilothermic ectotherms

18
Q

What is the thermal neutral zone?

A

Where no adjustments are needed to maintain core body temp

- utilisation of feed for growth and production is optimal as no food energy is needed to maintain core temp

19
Q

How is the LCT and TNZ different in young animals and why?

A

Higher LCT and narrower TNZ

  • differences in body size and shape
  • poor tissue and surface insulation
  • wet birth coat
20
Q

How can an animal reduce its temperature if it’s too hot?

A
  • Maximise body SA
  • seek air movement and shade
  • evaporative cooling e.g. pant, sweat
  • wallowing
  • decrease tissue insulation
21
Q

How can an animal increase its temperature if it’s too cold?

A
  • shiver
  • huddle
  • seek shelter
  • increase tissue insulation e.g. lying down
  • withdrawing extremities
  • counter current heat exchange
  • dry bedding
22
Q

What factors make a neonate more susceptible to hypothermia?

A
  • high SA:vol ration
  • lack of muscle and inability to shiver
  • poor thermal insulation e.g. fat, coat, feathers
  • inability to move away from cold areas
  • some e.g. piglets have no brown fat
23
Q

How do neonates survive exposure to cold when wet?

A
  • increasing metabolic rate
  • some can activate brown adipose fat tissue and derive heat from non-shivering thermogenesis
  • early colostrum intake
24
Q

What are the benefits of a natural, outside environment?

A
  • freedom of movement and social grouping
  • less restriction
  • pasture comfortable underfoot and lying
  • able to exhibit natural behaviour
25
Q

What are the benefits of an indoor environment?

A
  • increase productivity
  • control over environment e.g. temp, feeding, breeding
  • conservation
  • easier to manage and observe e.g. treatment
  • protection from adverse weather
  • production from predators
  • enables increased stocking densities
26
Q

Housing requirements and modifications depend on?

A
  • species, breed
  • age
  • production stage
  • geographical area
  • cost
27
Q

What is the role of ventilation?

A
  • replenish depleted oxygen
  • prevent build up of excreted gases
  • prevent accumulation of moisture and dust
  • remove pathogens
28
Q

What are the consequences of excessive ventilation?

A
  • environmental chilling
  • stress
  • increased disease susceptibility
29
Q

What factors affect ventilation>

A
  • air inlet and outlet areas
  • height difference between inlets and outlets
  • inside and outside temp differences
  • heat generated by animals
30
Q

When are expressions of dominance more common?

A
  • mixing groups
  • large groups
  • competing for a limited resource
  • dead ends within housing

AHW semester 1 (4 decks)

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