Food production and efficiency Flashcards
1
Q
Compare an intensive and extensive farm
A
Intensive = shorter growth period, high input/high output, high stock densities Extensive = longer growth periods, low input/low output, low stocking densities
2
Q
What is a B and B system?
A
Where a company pays a farm to rear an animal, the farm is paid for each one reared successfully
3
Q
What factors are fixed costs?
A
- Rent
- Rates
- Utilities
- Staff
4
Q
What are variable costs?
A
- feed
- forage
- bedding
- vets and meds
- fertiliser
- transport
- casual labour
5
Q
What is efficiency of animal production influenced by?
A
- reproduction efficiency
- lactation ability
- growth and development
- longevity/replacement rate
6
Q
What is the efficiency of animal production changed by?
A
- breeding
- nutrition
- environment
- health and behaviour
7
Q
What effects reproductive efficiency?
A
- Fertility
- Fecundity = size of litter
- Breeding frequency
- Peri/post partum problems
8
Q
At what % of their mature weight is an animal
- at puberty?
- ready for mating?
A
1 = 45-50% 2= 65%
9
Q
How are hyperplasia and hypertrophy related to growth?
A
Hyperplasia = increasing the number of cells Hypertrophy = size of cells increases
10
Q
What is compensatory growth?
A
Restricting feeding to maintenance and then a sudden surplus for rapid growth
11
Q
Compare altricial (dogs, cats, rabbits) to precocial (horses and ruminants) in terms of their gestation, litter size, maternal factors, etc
A
Altricial = short gestation, large litters, greater maternal needs, poor homeostatic control Precocial = long gestation, small litters, lesser maternal needs, rapid onset of homeostatic control
