Husbandry

Question 1

First Veterinarian Appointment

Answer 1

between 6-8 weeks of age, physical exam and vaccines

Question 2

Fully vaccinated

Answer 2

16-18 weeks after the last dose of distemper/parvo or adenovirus

Question 3

For early disease prevention a dog should be examined by a vet

Answer 3

Examined by a vet at least once yearly

Question 4

Core vaccines recommended for all dogs

Answer 4

Distemper, hepatitis, parvovirus, rabies

Question 5

Vaccine schedules

Answer 5

Distemper, hepatitis, parvovirus, given every 3-4 weeks starting around 6-8 weeks of age until the puppy is 12-14 weeks of age. Then boostered at 1 year of age, then repeated every 3 years. Rabies is given once in the first year at 12 weeks of age or older followed by a booster at 1 year of age, then repeated every 1-3 years.

Question 6

Additional non-core vaccines dependent on area of living

Answer 6

lyme disease, leptospirosis, bordatella, and parainfluenza.

Question 7

Wolf dog hybrids do not get the same effectiveness as domestic dogs from what vaccine

Answer 7

Rabies

Question 8

Gastrointestinal parasites

Answer 8

damage the gastrointestinal tract and impede the absorption of proper nutrients from the diet. Examples: roundworms and hookworms which can be transmitted to people.

Question 9

External parasites

Answer 9

can cause disease, allergic reactions, or infections. Dog may become lame, febrile, or have organ dysfunction. Examples: Fleas and ticks

Question 10

Disease prevention practices

Answer 10

vaccines, not allowing unvaccinated or unhealthy dogs in class. Keep training spaces free of hair, debris, fecal material, urine, and clean regularly with disinfectant. Solution of 1:30 bleach is effective against parvovirus.

Question 11

Parvovirus

Answer 11

puppy that is depressed, vomiting, or diarrhea (may be severe and bloody). It is spread by direct contact between dogs as well as by contaminated stool, surfaces, bowls, collars, leashes, equipment, and the hands and clothing of people. It can also survive in the soil for years, making the virus hard to kill. Treating can be very expensive and many dogs die despite intensive treatment.

Question 12

Tracheobronchitis

Answer 12

kennel cough, highly spreadable. Dogs do not get colds so any coughing should be assessed by a veterinarian. Can be accompanied by a snotty nose.

Question 13

Canine distemper

Answer 13

Very contagious virus. Puppies and dogs usually become infected through virus particles in the air or in the respiratory secretions of infected dogs. Infected dogs typically develop runny eyes, fever, snotty nose, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and paralysis. It is often fatal.

Question 14

Canine influenza

Answer 14

a relatively new disease in dogs. Because most dogs have not been exposed to the virus, their immune systems are not able to fully respond to the virus and many of them will become infected when they are exposed. Spread through respiratory secretions, contaminated objects (including surfaces, bowls, collars and leashes). The virus can survive for up to 48 hours on surfaces, up to 24 hours on clothing, and up to 12 hours on people’s hands. Dogs can be shedding the virus before they even show signs of illness, which means an apparently healthy dog can still infect other dogs. Signs include coughing, a fever and a snotty nose, which are the same signs observed when a dog has kennel cough.

Question 15

Leptospirosis

Answer 15

caused by bacteria. The bacteria are shed in the urine of infected animals, and animals and people usually become infected by drinking contaminated water or coming into contact with contaminated soil or food. Dogs infected may develop fever, muscle weakness, vomiting, lethargy, abdominal pain, and kidney or liver failure.

Question 16

Rabies

Answer 16

any mammal can be infected. 100% fatal in animals once they start to show signs of disease. The virus is spread by saliva, either by a bite from an infected animal or by saliva contaminating a skin wound. In addition, any contact with wildlife (including bats) can introduce the risk of infection. Raccoons, skunks and other wild animals can carry the virus and may be present in areas where dogs gather.

Question 17

Heartworms

Answer 17

spread by mosquitoes and can cause coughing, lethargy, difficulty breathing, heart disease and death.

Question 18

Hydrocephalus

Answer 18

when excessive cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the brain due to clogging of brain drains. Can be a congenital defect or from trauma, inflammation, or infection in the brain.

Question 19

Epilepsy

Answer 19

brain disorder characterized by intermittent bursts of abnormal brain activity resulting in seizures. Seizures can be convulsions or loss of consciousness. Can produce sudden changes in behavior like sudden out of control aggression, salivation, or hallucinations (like fly biting).

Question 20

Liver disease

Answer 20

hepatic encephalopathy. Renders liver unable to remove toxic products and unable to produce the amino acids necessary for neurotransmission. Behavior changes most noticeable in the few hours after eating. Signs include loss of appetite, vomiting, weight loss, increased water consumption, increased urine output, pacing, mental dullness, increased irritability or aggression, and sometimes seizures.

Question 21

Hypoglycemia

Answer 21

low blood sugar. Signs include weakness, disorientation, irritability, failure to process information, sometimes seizures.

Question 22

Hypothyroidism

Answer 22

underactivity of the thyroid. Problems include aggression, irritability, and anxiety related disorders.

Question 23

Cognitive Disfunction Syndrome (CDS)

Answer 23

age related changes in mental function and behavior. Signs include disorientation, change in the way a dog interacts with its social group, disruptions to the sleep/wake cycle, forgetting of known rules (example: house soiling). May startle more easily due to loss of vision or hearing.

Question 24

Signs of pain

Answer 24

reduction of motivation to learn or take risks, increase in irritability possibly resulting in aggression in response to certain stimuli, heightened need to protect themselves, odd patterns of movement or refusal of certain body positions.

Question 25

Heatstroke

Answer 25

big risk during warm and hot weather. A temperature that seems only a little warm to a person can be too hot for a dog. Never leave your pet in the car on warm days. Even a 70°F day can be too hot in a car. Short-nosed breeds, such as pugs, Boston Terriers, boxers, bulldogs, etc. are more prone to this and breathing problems because they don’t pant as effectively as breeds with normal-length noses. Signs include excessive panting and drooling, anxiousness, weakness, abnormal gum color (darker red or even purple), collapse and death. Any dog showing signs should be immediately taken to a shaded area and cooled with cold, wet towels that are wrung out and rewetted every few minutes. Running cool water over the dog’s body and quickly wiping it away (so the water absorbs the skin’s heat and is immediately wiped away) can also help. Transport the dog to a veterinarian immediately, because it can rapidly become deadly.

Question 26

Health Benefits of Spaying

Answer 26

protection from serious disease of reproductive tract including uterine cancer, and pyometra (life threatening uterine infection). If done before first heat cycle can have dramatic decrease of risk of mammary cancer.

Question 27

Health Benefits of Neuter

Answer 27

Reduced risk of infection and benign overgrowth of prostate. Risk of testicular cancer is eliminated.

Question 28

Spay procedure

Answer 28

the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus are removed from a female dog. Ovariohysterectomy

Question 29

Neuter procedure

Answer 29

the testes are removed from a male dog. Orchiectomy

Question 30

Injury prevention practices

Answer 30

all interactions between dogs should be directly supervised. Bite wounds should be immediately evaluated by a veterinarian and efforts should be made to determine the rabies vaccination status of the biting dog. Overweight dogs and dogs accustomed to more sedentary lifestyles should be encouraged to become more active, but excessive activity can put them at risk of injury to joints, bones or muscles. Overweight dogs should be given a weight loss plan by a veterinarian. Train on stable nonslip surfaces.

Question 31

Phylogenic Behavior

Answer 31

behaviors common to the dog as a species in general that have developed over generations and have evolutionary significance. These behaviors can be modified. Example: innate fear of fire or loud noises.

Question 32

All canine behavior can be categorized into 3 motivations

Answer 32

food acquisition, hazard avoidance (safety/comfort seeking), and reproductive behaviors.

Question 33

Food acquisition sequence

Answer 33

Hear, see, smell prey orient, stare, freeze creep, stalk, run grab, hold, shake bring down kill dismember eat guard

Question 34

Fixed action pattern

Answer 34

specific examples of innate or phylogenetic behavior. A particular trigger is needed to start the behavior. Once started in needs to go to completion before the animal stops. Examples: nursing, snarling, male urination/marking behavior.

Question 35

Ontogenetic behavior

Answer 35

develop over the lifetime of the dog as a response to environmental influences. These behaviors can be modified. Example: dog learns to run to human for food when it hears its name.

Question 36

Instinctive drift

Answer 36

(The Breland Effect) Whenever an animal has a strong instinctive behavior, the animal will drift toward the instinctive behavior to the detriment of the conditioned behavior, even to the delay or exclusion of the reinforcement. Learned behavior drifts toward instinctive behavior.

Question 37

Testosterone

Answer 37

principle male hormone manufactured by testes. Influence behaviors like mounting, mating, searching for females, scent marking, and aggression.

Question 38

Estrogen and progesterone

Answer 38

hormones become active near puberty in females. Peak 2x a year in estrus cycles when females become sexually receptive.

Question 39

Estrus, heat, in season

Answer 39

occurs in females 2x a year. Approximately 20 days in duration. Females may court males and allow them to breed.

Question 40

Hepatitis (Adenovirus 2)

Answer 40

transmitted through bodily fluids.
Signs high fever, anorexia, depressed mood

Question 41

Coccidia

Answer 41

zoonotic, disinfectant resistant, contagious, produces watery diarrhea

Question 42

Giardia

Answer 42

microorganism that infects the digestive system, lives in contaminated soil. Transmitted via mucus, blood, or stool.

Question 43

Tick Transmitted Diseases

Answer 43

Lyme, Rocky Mountain Fever, Anemia, Paralysis

Question 44

Sarcoptic Mange

Answer 44

Also Known as Canine Scabies. Highly contagious and zoonotic, skin/fur mite

Question 45

Demodectic Mange

Answer 45

Disease caused by mite on the skin and hair of dogs- red itchy skin infection. Not zoonotic or contagious. Believe to result from and underdeveloped or suppressed immune system

Question 46

Learned Helplessness

Answer 46

Learner has learned that they are incaplable of escaping and cease trying.

Question 47

Normal Dog Body Temperature

Answer 47

100.2 to 102.8

Question 48

Normal Resting Pulse Rate

Answer 48

Toy Breeds = 100-160bpm
Dog 10-25 lbs = 90-140bpm
Dog 25-50 lbs = 80-120bpm
Dog 50+ lbs = 70-120bpm