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Block 6; Week 1-Michelle > Hunter-Complement > Flashcards

Hunter-Complement Flashcards

1
Q

Who came up with the term complement?

A

Jules Bordet

studying cholera

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2
Q

What is complement?

A

> 30 constitutively expressed serum & cell surface proteins
help with innate immune response
helps antibodies in adaptive humoral immune response
helps eliminate immune complexes

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3
Q

What would complement deficiencies do?

A

increase susceptibility to pyogenic bacteria

precipitate immune complex diseases

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4
Q

Complement shares features with which 2 pathways?

A

the coagulation & kinin pathways

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5
Q

What are zymogens?

A

substrate proteins (proenzymes) are cleaved and acquire proteolytic activity
amplification, one protease cleaves a protein to activate it. etc.
zymogens are the inactive form

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6
Q

What are the 4 major fcns of complement?

A
  1. opsonization (binding to promote phagocytosis)
  2. inflammation, chemotaxis, activation of immune cells
  3. clearance of immune complexes
  4. form pores in pathogen membranes–death
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7
Q

T/F 50% of all bacteria can be destroyed via the pore-forming function of complement.

A

FALSE. ONly like 2 bacteria in a trillion can be killed this way. Even though it is cool.

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8
Q

What are immune complexes?

A

antigen-antibody bound

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9
Q

What part of a pathogen does the complement respond to in the classical pathway?

A

antigen antibody complex

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10
Q

Which parts of the complement start the classical pathway by doing their thing & recognizing stuff?

A

C1q, r, s complex
C4
C2
**then we get to the C3 convertase

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11
Q

Which parts of the pathogen start the lectin pathway by being recognized by the complement?

A

mannose-binding lectin or ficolin binds carbs on pathogen surfaces

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12
Q

Which parts of the complement do the recognizing of the pathogen in the lectin pathway?

A

MBL/ficolin, MASP-2
C4
C2
**then we get to the C3 convertase

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13
Q

Which part of the pathogen is recognized by the complement in the alternative pathway?

A

pathogen surfaces

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14
Q

Which part of the complement does the recognizing in the alternative pathway?

A

C3
B
D
**then we get to C3 convertase

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15
Q

After we get to C3 convertase…what kinds of by-products do we get?

A

C3a, C3b, C5a

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16
Q

What is the effect of C3a & C5a being produced?

A

peptide mediators of inflammation

phagocyte recruitment

17
Q

What is the effect of C3b?

A

binds to complement receptors on phagocytes
opsonization of pathogens
removal of immune complexes

18
Q

What are the terminal complement components that you can get after you get C3b? What do these terminal components cause?

A 
C5b
C6
C7
C8
C9
**membrane-attack complex, lysis of certain pathogens & cells
19
Q

Typically, in the complement system what does a capital letter identify? What does a lower case letter identify?

A

Capital Letter: complement protein

Lower Case Letter: cleavage fragment (except for r & s)

20
Q

What is the order of activation in the classical pathway?

A

C1, C4, C2, C3, C5-9

21
Q

Which indicates the smaller fragment & which the larger fragment: a & b? What is the exception to this rule?

A

a is small.
b is large.
Exception: C2b is the small fragment.

22
Q

What does the letter i before a protein indicate?

A

the enzymatically inactive form

23
Q

Which parts of the complement fit this description? binding to antigen-antibody complexes and pathogen surfaces

A

C1q

24
Q

Which parts of the complement fit this description? binding to carb structures such as mannose or GlcNAc on microbial surfaces

A 
MBL
Fincolins
C1q
Properidin
factor P
25
Q

Which parts of the complement fit this description? Activating enzymes

A 
C1r
C1s
C2a
D
MASP-2
26
Q

Which parts of the complement fit this description? Membrane-binding proteins & opsonins

A

C4b & C3b

27
Q

Which parts of the complement fit this description? Peptide mediators of inflammation

A

C5a, C3a, C4a

28
Q

Which parts of the complement fit this description? membrane-attack proteins

A 
C5b
C6
C7
C8
C9
29
Q

Which parts of the complement fit this description? complement receptors

A 
CR1
CR2
CR3
CR4
CRIg
30
Q

Which parts of the complement fit this description? Complement-regulatory proteins

A 
C1NH
C4BP
CR1
MCP
DAF
H
I
P
CD59
31
Q

Describe the structure of the C1 complex.

A 
C1q is the collagen region
C1r & C1s is also there. 
looks like a tulip
detects bacteria as a unit. 
complexes for the other pathways look similarly
32
Q

What are all of the things that C1q recognizes?

A

pattern recognition receptor
bacterial porins & LPS
IgM, IgG, C-reactive protein

33
Q

Describe the classical pathway in more detail.

A

C1 complex comes together & the C1s becomes active (serine protease). It cleaves C4 into a &b.
C4b binds to pathogen surface or is hydrolyzed.
Enzyme cleaves C2. C2a stays on pathogen surface w/ C4b.
C4b2a=C3 convertase. Cleaves C3 into C3a & b. C3b stays.

34
Q

What happens to C4b or C3b if they don’t stick to the pathogen surface right away?

A

They are hydrolyzed!!! Water is added to the bond.

35
Q

What is the effect of having iC3b on a bacterial surface?

A

it opsonizes it for destruction via phagocytosis. CR3 on macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells attaches to iC3b–endocytosis & phagocytosis!

Block 6; Week 1-Michelle (6 decks)

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