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Eastern Europe > Hungary > Flashcards

Hungary Flashcards

1
Q

The Tokaj region is in the NE corner of Hungary at the confluence of what two rivers?

A

Tisza and Bodrog Rivers

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2
Q

What was the Tokaj region formerly known as?

A

Tokaj-Hegyalja, or Tokaj “foothills”

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3
Q

What is Tokaj-Hegyalja?

A

Tokaj “foothills”

  • Tokaj region formerly known as Tokaj-Hegyalja
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4
Q

In what year did Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy delimit 28 villages in the region of Tokaj?

A

1700

  • One of the 1st in modern Europe to undergo vineyard classification
  • Started golden age for wine that lasted 2 centuries
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5
Q

Who delimited 28 villages of Tokaj in 1700?

A

Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy

  • One of 1st in modern Europe to undergo vineyard classification
  • Started golden age for wine that lasted 2 centuries
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6
Q

In what year was the final legal recognition of Tokaj?

A

1772

  • 1700 - Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy delimits 28 villages
  • 1732 - some sources date Tokaj’s classification
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7
Q

What is aszú?

A

grapes of high sugar levels afflicted botrytis cinera

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8
Q

When did aszú wines first start to appear in Tokaj?

A
  • Appears in works published as early as 1571
  • Szepi Laczkó Máté definitely produced botrytis-affected aszú wine by mid-17th century
  • Predated botrytised wines of Germany and probably Sauternes
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9
Q

Name four estates that are leading the way in restoring Tokaj to its former glory.

A
  • Royal Tokaji Company
  • Vega Sicila’s Tokaj Oremus
  • Disnókõ
  • Királyudar
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10
Q

What is the difference between Tokaj and Tokaji?

A
  • Tokaj - name of overall region and the commune at the convergence of the two rivers
  • Tokaji - adjectival form used to indicate the wine
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11
Q

Tokaj is sheltered by what mountain range?

A

Carpathian Mountains

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12
Q

What is the climate in Tokaj?

A

warm continental - long, humid autumns

  • Sheltered by Capathian Mountains
  • Perfect encouragement for botrytis

-

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13
Q

What are the soils of Tokaj?

A

predominantly volcanic loess and clay

  • Better vineyards on S-facing slope
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14
Q

What is the Tokaj Renaissance?

A

Producer’s association - devoted to the protection of Rákóczy’s original classification which divided Tokaj vineyards and neighboring villages into 1st, 2nd, and 3rd growths

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15
Q

How many vineyards are recognized as first growths?

A

74

  • Great First Growths:
    • Szarvas - near Tokaj
    • Mézes Mály - near Tarcal
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16
Q

Name a Great First Growth located near the commune of Tokaj?

A

Szarvas

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17
Q

Name a Great First Growth near the commune of Tarcal?

A

Mézes Mály

  • Tarcal - NE Hungary, W of Tokaj
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18
Q

What are the two principal grapes of Tokaj?

A
  • Furmint
  • Hárslevelu
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19
Q

Besides Furmint and Hárslevelu, what are four other authorized grapes for Tokaj?

A
  • Sárgamuskotály (Muscat Blanc à Petite Grains)
  • Zéta (Oremus)
  • Kabar
  • Kövérszolo
    • All authorized, but used in small quantities
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20
Q

What is Muscat Blanc à Petite Grains known as in Tokaj?

A

Sárgamuskotály

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21
Q

How much will a puttony hold?

A

25 kg

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22
Q

What is Esszencia?

A

Esszencia - tiny fraction of syrupy, free-run juice allowed to settle out of the aszú, and vinified separately

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23
Q

What happens to aszú after they allow a little free run juice to settle out of the must?

A
  • Aszú is then trampled into a paste, or dough
  • A number of puttony containing aszú paste is mixed with gönci barrels of must or base wine from non-aszú grapes
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24
Q

What is a gönc?

A

gönc - Hungarian oak cask, common in Tokaj, appx 136 L

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25
Q

What determines the final sweetness of a Tokaji Aszú wine?

A
  • The number of puttony added to a gönc (136 L Hungarian oak cask)
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26
Q

When were the revisions that eliminated the 3-6 puttonyos labeling?

A
  • Eliminated in time for the 2013 harvest
    • Modern Tokaj Aszú is simply laved “Aszú”
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27
Q

What are the aging requirements for Tokaj Aszú?

A
  • 3 yrs
  • min 18 mo barrel
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28
Q

What is the min rs required for the must of Tokaj Aszú?

A

120 g/l rs

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29
Q

What is the min alcohol required for Tokaj Aszú?

A

min alc 9%

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30
Q

How much residual sugar is found in Esszencia?

A

450 g/l rs

  • Richer than honey
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31
Q

How long does it take Esszencia to ferment?

A
  • Sometimes decades
  • Just to reach 4-6% alcohol
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32
Q

What is Tokaji Szamorodni?

A

Tokaji Szamorodni (“as it comes”)

  • prod from mixture of aszú and non-aszú grapes
  • often oxidative
  • min 2 years in cask
  • sometimes under film-forming yeast similar to flor
  • may be édes (sweet) or szára (dry)
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33
Q

What is édes?

A

édes = sweet

  • vs száras (dry)
  • Labeling for Tokai Szamorodni
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34
Q

Wat does száras mean?

A

száras = dry

  • vs édes (sweet)
  • Labeling for Tokaji Szamorodni
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35
Q

What is Fordítás?

A
  • Fordítás - product of refermenting wine w/ pressed paste of Tokaji Aszú
  • vs Máslás - refermenting w/ spent lees
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36
Q

What is Máslás?

A

Máslás - product of refermenting wine w/ spent lees of Tokaji Aszú

  • vs Fordítás - refermenting w/ pressed paste
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37
Q

Who is István Szepsy?

A

István Szepsy

  • Talented Hungarian winemaker
  • Key figure in est. of Hugh Johnson’s Royal Tokaji Company and Királyudvar
  • Founding member of Circle of Mád - small contingent of producers committed to elevating the stature of dry wines in the region
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38
Q

What is the difference between Fordítás and Máslás?

A
  • Fordítás - refermenting w/ pressed paste of Tokaji Aszú
  • Máslás - refermenting w/ spent lees of Tokaji Aszú
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39
Q

What is Cirlce of Mád?; name a founding member.

A
  • Circle of Mád - small contingent of producers committed to elevating the stature of dry wines in the region
  • István Szepsy - winemaker, key figure in est. of Hugh Johnson’s Royal Tokaji Company and Királyudvar
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40
Q

As of what year, are all other countries in the European Union prohibited from using the term “Tokaj” or its derivatives (Tokay, Tocai)?

A

2007

  • Pinot Gris in Alsace no longer Tokay d’Alsace
  • Friulano in Italy no longer Tocai Friulano
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41
Q

In 2000, two decades after the fall of communism, how many wine appellations were identified in Hungary?

A

22 wine appellations

  • w/ recent EU reforms - now 30 PDO, 5 PGI
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42
Q

In what year were 22 wine appellations identified in Hungary?

A

2000

  • Two decades after the fall of communism
  • w/ recent EU reforms 30 PDO, 5 PGI
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43
Q

With recent EU reforms, how may regions qualify for PDO status?; how many PGI?

A
  • In 2000 - 22 appellations identified
  • Now: 30 PDO, 5 PGI
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44
Q

30 PDOs and 5 PGIs are divided among what 3 major geographical zones?

A
  • North Hungary
  • Transdanubia - W
  • Great Plain - S
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45
Q

In what major geographical zone are Tokaj and Eger located?

A

North Hungary

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46
Q

Eger is famous for what?

A

Egri Bikavér - the “Bull’s Blood of Eger”

  • historically - dom by Kadarka - indigenous, low-tannin, light-bodied, not particularly sanguine grape
  • modern - blend of at least 3 varieties - Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch) plus Hungarian and Intern grapes
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47
Q

What 2 regions are permitted to use the term “Bikavér” (“Bull’s Blood”)?

A
  • Eger
  • Szekszárd
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48
Q

Egri Bikavér (“Bull’s blood of Eger”) is historically dominated by what grape?

A

Kadarka

  • Indigenous, low-tannin, light-bodied, nto particulary sanguine
  • vs modern Egri Bikavér - blend of at least 3 varieties - Kékfrankos plus Hungarian and International
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49
Q

Modern Egri Bikavér (“Bull’s Blood of Eger”) is made with what grape (s)?

A
  • blend of at least 3 varieties, Kékfrankos (Blaufrankisch) plus Hungarian and International
  • vs. historically - dom by Kadarka - indigenous low-tannin, light-bodied, not particularly sanguine
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50
Q

Badacsony and Balatonfüred-Csopak are regions in Transdanubia (W) located on the shores of what lake?

A

Lake Balaton

  • One of Europe’s largest lakes
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51
Q

Where is Somló located within Hungary?

A

Northwest - Somló

  • On slopes of extint volcano
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52
Q

Badacsony, Balatonfüred-Csopak and Somló are dominated by white wine production from what 3 grapes?

A
  • Furmint
  • Juhfark
  • Olaszrizling (Welschriesling)
    • in Badacsony, Balatonfüred-Csopak, and Somló
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53
Q

Are Badacsony, Balatonfüred-Csopak, and Somló dominated by white or red wine production?

A

white wines - Badacsony, Balatonfüred, Somló

  • Furmint
  • Juhark
  • Olaszrizling (Welschriesling)
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54
Q

What is Hungary’s hottest region?

A

Villány

  • Southern Croatian border
  • Quality from Bordeaux varieties, Kékfrankos, Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)
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55
Q

Where is Villány located?; what type of wine is Villány known for?

A

Villány

  • Southern Croatian border
  • Hungary’s hottest region
  • Quality from Bordeaux varietals, Kékfrankos, Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)
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56
Q

What is Blauer Portugieser known as in Hungary?; where are you likely to find it?

A
  • Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)
  • Villány
    • Along southern Croatian border
    • Hungary’s hottest region
    • Good quality also from Bordeaux vaietals and Kékfrankos
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57
Q

Where is Sopron?; what grape is it most associated with?

A

Sopron

  • Contiguous w/ Austria’s Burgenland (NW Hungary)
  • Kékfrankos is cultivated on both sides of border
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58
Q

Where is red wine more common?

A

Extreme North and South of Transdanubia

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59
Q

What is Hungary’s largest region?

A

Kunság

  • Located in the Great Plain
  • Sizeable amount of mass production white wine (some reds) from indigenous grapes
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60
Q

What are the soils of the Great Plain?

A

sandy soils

  • Welcome habitat after phylloxera struck in the 19th centruy
  • Great plain contains a majority of Hungar’s acreage under vine
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61
Q

What is the majority of production from the Great Plain?

A

Great Plain (east of Transdanbia)

  • Every day quality, consumed locally
  • Sandy soils - welcome habitat post phylloxera
  • Kunság - Hungary’s largest region, sizeable mass white prod w/ some red from indigenous
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62
Q

Where is the Great Plain in relation to Transdanubia?

A

Great plain is east of Transdanubia

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63
Q

What’s Hungary’s largest region?

A

Kunsag (great plains)

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64
Q

What is Somlo?

A

a white wine-dominated region, with Furmint , Juhfark, Olaszrizling.

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65
Q

What words indicate late harvest on a bottle of tokaji?

A

Kesoi Szuretelesubor

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66
Q

What Hungarian region runs continuous with Austria’s Burgenland?

A

Sopron

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67
Q

The region of Tokaj is sheltered by what mountains?

A

Carpathian Mountains

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68
Q

What’s Maslas?

A

Tokaji Aszu that has spent time on lees.

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69
Q

What is a gonc?

A

a hungarian oak cask of 136l

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70
Q

How many villages are classified for Tokaj?

A

28

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71
Q

What’s the major grape of Sopron?

A

Kekfrankos

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72
Q

How many countries does Hungary border with?

A

Seven - Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Ukraine, Slovakia

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73
Q

What is a puttony?

A

Originally, basket where aszu grapes were gathered (20 - 25kgs)

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74
Q

What rivers flank the Great Plain region?

A

The Duna (Danube) and Tisza

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75
Q

What is the aging time for Tokaji Aszu Esszencia?

A

5 years, 3 in barrel

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76
Q

Kekfrankos is what grape?

A

Blaufrankisch

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77
Q

What are the six districts comprising the Lake Balaton region?

A

Badacsony
Balatonboglar
Zala
Nagy-Somlo
Balaton-felvidék
Balatonfured-Csopak

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78
Q

In what year was Tokaj region made a UNESCO World Heritage site?

A

2002

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79
Q

Percentage of vines grown in Tokaj of three grape varieties?

A

Approx Furmint (70%), Harslevelu (20-25%), Sarga Muskotaly (5-10%)

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80
Q

Sarga Muskotaly is a local name of which grape variety?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

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81
Q

What is the Hungarian name for the Neusiedler See?

A

Fertő

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82
Q

What is the principal grape that appears in contemporary Egri Bikavér or Bull’s Blood?

A

kékfrankos

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83
Q

That said could you produce a monovarietal bottling of any of the approved varieties?

A

No, not even kékfrankos which is to form 30-50% of the blend. At least 4 varieties must appear in the blend and none of them may form less than 5% of said blend.

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84
Q

What are the three quality levels for the wines of Eger?

A

Classicus, Superior, Grand Superior

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85
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Eszencia?

A

450 g/L

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86
Q

What word on a Tokaji bottle would indicate that it is dry?

A

Száraz

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87
Q

What is Szamorodni?

A

A wine made from gathering all the grapes of a vineyard healthy, shriveled, & botrytized and fermenting them together. It may be either sweet or dry but may also experience the growth of a veil in cellar

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88
Q

What would the phrase ‘Jégbor’ on a bottle signify?

A

Icewine

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89
Q

Name the famous bitter liqueur produced by Zwack

A

Unicum

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90
Q

Slivovitz might be considered a subtype of this fruit liquor that may only be produced in Hungary and when, made from apricots, four provinces of Austria:

A

Palínka

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91
Q

What is Fröccs?

A

Hungarian wine spritzer, very popular

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92
Q

What is the word for Hungarian sparkling wine?

A

Pezsgő

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93
Q

What is the PGI that occupies the same boundary as Tokaj PDO?

A

Zemplén

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94
Q

Barrel name, capacity, and Forest name used for Tokaj PDO?

A

Gönc, 136L, Zemplén

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95
Q

Vörös is the name for what in Hungary?

A

Red- red wine/vermouth, also a nickname for redheads socially/culturally- shout out to all my Vörös brothers and sister out

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96
Q

T/F Olaszrizling is grown everywhere except Tokaj?

A

True

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97
Q

What is the Austrian/German/Canadian/Swiss synonym for Olasrizling?

A

Welschriesling, in Croatia= Graševina

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98
Q

Aszú wines may not be released prior to January 1 of the third year after harvest. They must be aged in barrel for at least _____ months.

A

Aszú wines may not be released prior to January 1 of the third year after harvest. They must be aged in barrel for at least 18 months.

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99
Q

Szamorodni, Máslás and Fordítás wines must be aged for a minimum of ____ months in barrel.

A

Szamorodni, Máslás and Fordítás wines must be aged for a minimum of 6 months in barrel.

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100
Q

Name 2 producers of the Circle of Mád?

A
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101
Q

What is the difference between Egri Bikáver and Egri Bikaver Superior?

A

Superior mandates min 30% comb. CS / CF

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102
Q

What is fordítás?

A

Wine made by refermenting with aszu paste

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103
Q

What is nyirok?

A

Local volcanic soil in Tokaj

104
Q

What is penesz?

A

Local name for the famed black cellar mold of Tokaj

105
Q

What is Monimpex?

A

Communist-era state-owned winery that produced all Tokaji - almost all commercially released tokaji will have a monimpex label from pre-1990s

106
Q

What is csillag?

A

White bull’s blood

107
Q

What does ‘birtok’ mean on a Hungarian wine label?

A

‘Estate”

108
Q

Other than region of origin, what is the primary difference between Egri Bikaver and Szeksardi Bikaver?

A

Szekszard is based on Kadarka and Eger on Kekfrankos

109
Q

What are the PDOs of Upper Hungary?

A

Bukk

Debrobi Harslevelu

Eger

Tokaj

110
Q

Which winery in Loire owns the Kirlyudvar Estate in Hungary?

A

Domaine Huet

111
Q

What is Dulo?

A

Single Vineyard

112
Q

What are the residual sugar levels of Szaraz and Edes?

A

Szaras = 9 g/l

Edes = 45 g/l

113
Q

What are the min aging requirement of Forditas and Masalas?

A

2 years including 1 year in barrel

114
Q

What are the aging requrements of Aszu and Aszuezencia?

A

3 years including 18 months in barrel,

115
Q

What is the min alcohol requirement of Eszencia?

A

1.2 - 8%

116
Q

What is Csillag?

A

“Star”, must be a blend of at least 4 grape varieties. No single variety may be less than 5% or more than 50% of the total blend.

117
Q

What are the major grapes of Somlo?

A

Classic sparkling, Furmint, Harslevelu, Olaszrizling, Juhfark

118
Q

What are the major grapes of Sopron?

A

Kekfranko

Franz Weinger

119
Q

Who is the largest owner of Mézes Mály?

A

Royal Tokaj- they own11 of the 19 hectares of Mézes Mály

120
Q

Historically the wine region of Tokaj crossed over into what bordering country?

A

Slovakia

121
Q

How do barrels produced of Hungarian oak differ from those produced elsewhere? Resulting differences in the wine?

A

American oak is from Quercus alba. European forests contain Quercus petraea and Quercus robur. Most forests contin both. Hungarian forests mostly contain the slower growing and more aromatic petraea while robur is more common in lower altitudes and richer soils like around Limousine. So Hungarian oak is more aromatic because the slow growth concentrates these compounds. https://www.the-buyer.net/insight/caroline-gilby-hungarian-oak-barrels/

122
Q

What are other brands owned by Disznókõ in Hungary?

A

Sárga Borház, Dorgó, Hattyús

123
Q

What are the single vineyard wines of Disznókõ?

A

Dorgó and Kapi

124
Q

What are the single vineyard wines of Oremus?

A

Petrács- dry Furmint from village of Tolcsva and Mandolás

125
Q

Name a Hungarian beer brand?

A

Drecher, Borsod, Heineken Hungary are the largest

126
Q

What is Nagykunsági szilvapálink?

A

a plum brandy from Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok. It has to be made from the plums grown in the region, and a minimum of 40 % has to be made from Vörös and/or Besztercei plums. The entire production has to take place in the designated region

127
Q

Nagy Eged Hill, Pajdos, Síkhegy, and Grőber are geographical designations of what appellation?

A

Eger Bikaver

128
Q

What two rivers join in Tokaj?

A

Tisza and Bodrog

129
Q

What was the previous name of Tokaj?

A

Tokaj-Hegyalja (Heg-yoi-yuh) (Tokaj Foothills)

130
Q

What are Aszú grapes?

A

Originally desiccated grapes; now refers to grapes of high sugar content affected by botrytis cinerea.

131
Q

Who owns Tokaj Oremus?

A

Vega Sicilia

132
Q

What mountain range shelters Tokaj?

A

The Carpathian Mountains
Zemplen Mountains

133
Q

What are the two Great First Growths of Tokaj, and where are they?

A

Szarvas and Mézes Mály, both within the borders of Tarcal

134
Q

What are the authorized varieties of Tokaji?

A

Furmint, Hárslevelu, Sárgamuskotály (shar-guh-mush-go-tai)

Kabar, Kövérszölö (kuh-ver-suh-luh), Zéta

135
Q

Sárgamuskotály is a synonym for what?

A

Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains

136
Q

How large is a puttony?

A

25kg

137
Q

What is free-run aszú juice used for?

A

Esszencia

138
Q

How large is a gönc (gunce)?

A

136L

139
Q

What does száraz indicate?

A

Dry

140
Q

What does édes indicate?

A

Sweet

141
Q

What is Szamorodni? Is it dry or sweet?

A

As it comes - a mixture of aszú and non-aszú grapes, matured in cask for at least two years, sometimes under a yeast voile.
May be száraz or édes.

142
Q

What is Forditás? Száraz or Édes?

A

Wine refermented with pressed Tokaji pomace; may be dry or sweet.

143
Q

What is Máslás? Száraz or Édes?

A

Wine refermented with spent Tokaji lees; may be dry or sweet.

144
Q

What is Késöl Szüretelésü Bor?

A

Late Harvest Wine

145
Q

What are Pezsgö?

A

Hungarian Sparkling Wine

146
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Édes Szamorodni, Forditás, and Máslás?

A

> 45 g/L

147
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Aszú 3 puttonyos?

A

60 g/L RS

148
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Aszú 4 puttonyos?

A

90 g/L RS

149
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Aszú 5 puttonyos?

A

120 g/L RS

150
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Aszú 6 puttonyos

A

150 g/L RS

151
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Aszúeszencia (7-9 puttonyos)?

A

180 g/L RS

152
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Esszencia/Natúresszencia?

A

450 g/L RS

153
Q

How many villages make up the region of Tokaj?

A

27 villages
5400 ha across 13000 acres

154
Q

Who classified Tokaj? When?

A

Transylvania Prince Rakoczy, 1700/1730 (debated)
- delimited 28 villages in the region
- final legal recognition in 1772
- first wine region to be classified

155
Q

Four main categories of sweet wine?

A

Late Harvest/Kesoi Szuret
Szamorodni
Aszu
Esszencia

156
Q

Most famous producers of Tokaj?

A

Royal Tokaji Company
Tokaj Oremus
Disnoko
Kiralyudvar

157
Q

What mountains shelter the Tokaj region?

A

Zemplen Mountains (within Carpathian Mountains)

158
Q

How many vineyards are recognized as first growths?

A

74

159
Q

Name the two Great First Growths?

A

Szarvas
Mezes Maly

160
Q

Authorized grapes of Tokaj production?

A

Furmint
Harslevalu
Sargarmuskotaly
Zeta (Oremus)
Kabar
Koverszolo

161
Q

How long does Essencia take to ferment?

A

Ferments at a glacial pace, takes decades to reach 4-6% ABV, must contain at least 450 g/L RS

162
Q

What are Tokaj’s natural borders?

A

Sator Hill
Kopasy Hill
Tisza River
Bodrog River

163
Q

Oldest known vineyard in Tokaj?

A

Hetszolo, first mentioned 1502

164
Q

Tokaji Szamorodni?

A

“As it comes”
- produced from a mix of Aszu and non-Aszu grapes
- often oxidative in style
- requires six months in oak
- sometimes under film-forming yeast “flor”
- must contain 45 g/L RS

165
Q

Example of Szamorodni?

A

2018 Demeter Zoltan

166
Q

What two styles can Szamorodni be?

A

Edes = sweet
Szaras = dry

167
Q

Soil of Tokaj?

A

Diverse, but based on volcanic ring of Tokaj-Presov Mountains

168
Q

Synonym for Sargamuskotaly?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains

169
Q

Late Harvest Tokaj?

A

Kesor Szuret
- aren’t as rich as aszu
- must contain 45 g/L RS
- overripe grapes, some have botrytized

170
Q

For Aszu wines, if no puttony is listed, what is the g/L RS?

A

120 g/L RS
- min 18 months in oak
- must be at least 9% ABV

171
Q

What are the two less-common wines made after initial processing?

A

Forditas - rarely produced, only made in excellent vintages. Aszu berries are soaked in base wine, then pressed. Means “turning over”.

Maslas - means “copy”. Made by pouring must/wine on the less of Aszu, fermenting.

172
Q

Fröccs:

A

Hungarian wine spritzer

173
Q

What two regions are permitted to use the term “Bikaver” on their labels?

A

Eger
Szeksard

174
Q

Different between Eger and Szekszard Bikaver?

A

Szekszard Bikaver only requires 3 varieties

175
Q

What is Egri Csillag?

A

“Star of Eger”
- white grape blend, sister of Bikaver
- 4 white grapes 50% must be native

176
Q

What grapes can be used in Egri Csillag?

A

Leanyka
Kiralyleanyka
Furmint
Harslevelu
Zengo
Zerit

177
Q

Requirements for Egri Bikaver:

A

“Bulls Blood”
- historically dominated by Kadarka (indigenous low-tannin, light-bodied)
- blend of at least 4 varietals
- incorporates Kekfrankos (Blaukfrankisch)

178
Q

What varietals do we find in Badascony?

A

White Varieties

Olaszrizling
Szurkebarat (Pinot Gris)
Rislingszilvani (Muller-Thurgau)
Kekrylu Keknylue
Traminer

179
Q

What is Hungary’s hottest region?

A

Villany - good-quality Bordeaux varieties, Kekfrankos, Kekoporto (Blauer Portugeiser)

180
Q

Synonym for Kekoporto?

A

Blauer Portugeiser

181
Q

What is the Csopak Codex?

A

An independent origin and trademark protection system focused on Csopak’s traditional variety, Olaszrizling.

182
Q

Total wine appellations in Hungary?

A

31 PDO’s
22 Appellations

183
Q

What are Hungary’s 6 major wine regions?

A

Balaton
Danube
Upper Hungary
Upper Pannon (North Transdanubia Region)
Pannon
Tokaj

184
Q

What are Hungary’s three major geographical zones?

A

Northern Massif
Western Region of Transdanubia
Southern Great Plain

185
Q

Geographical features surrounding Lake Balaton:

A

Largest fresh-water lake in Central Europe
- Bakony (Hill to the north)
- Zala and Somogy Hills (to the south)
- volcanic, basalt, limestone

186
Q

What are the six wine districts of Lake Balaton?

A

Badascony
Nagy-Somlo
Balaton-Felvidek
Zala
Balatonfured-Csopak
Balatonboglar

187
Q

Grapes varieties in Badascony:

A

Keknyelu
Rhine Riesling
Budai Zold
Rozsako
Vulcanus
Zeusz
Szurkebarat
Olaszrisling

188
Q

Grape varieties in Balatonboglar:

A

Kiralyleanyka
Rhine Riesling
Chardonnay
Kekfrankos
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot

189
Q

Grape varieties of Balaton-Felvidek:

A

Olaszrizing
Sauv Blanc
Chardonnay
Cserzegi Fuszeres
Pinot Noir
Kekfrankos

190
Q

Grape varieties in Nagy-Somlo:

A

Furmint
Juhfark (white)
Olszrizling
Sarfker

191
Q

Sub-regions of the Duna Region?

A

Csongrad
Hajos-Baja
Kunsag

192
Q

Sub-regions of the Upper Hungarian region?

A

Bukk
Eger
Matra

193
Q

Sub-regions of the Upper Pannon (N. Transdanubia):

A

Etyek-Budai
Mor
Sopron
Neszmely
Pennonhalma

194
Q

Sub-regions of the Pannon Region:

A

Pecs
Szelsard
Tolna
Villany

195
Q

What is Nagy-Somlo known for?

A

Hungary smallest wine region.
Black basalt, ancient lava, extinct volcanic butt

Juhfark “Sheep’s Tail” in Hungarian
- lemon, smoke, wheat, mineral-drive

196
Q

Where does Hungarian oak come from?

A

Zemplen Forest
Cooper = Kadar

197
Q

Hungarian synonym for Pinot Gris?

A

Szurkebarat

198
Q

Hungarian synonym for Muller-Thurgau?

A

Rislingszilvani

199
Q

Synonym for Riesling?

A

Rajnai Rizling

200
Q

Synonym for Olaszrizling?

A

Riesling Italico = Italy/Romani
Welshriesling = Austria
Laski Rizling = Slovenia
Rylink Vlassky = Czech Republic
Rizling Italyanski = Serbia

201
Q

Synonym for Gruner Veltliner?

A

Zoldveltelini

202
Q

Synonym for Blaufrankisch?

A

Kekfrankisch
Lemberger

203
Q

Synonym for Gewurtztraminer?

A

Tramini

204
Q

“Wedding Night Wine”:

A

White blend, thought to produce a son
- Spiegelberg, Somlo (juhfark, Harselevaluh, Furmint)

205
Q

What is a “Dulo”?

A

Hungarian single vineyard

206
Q

Palinka:

A

Hungarian fruit brandy:
37-86% ABV

Apricot = barack
Plum = szilva
apple = alma
cherry = mezzy

207
Q

Which categories of Tokaji have been abolished or discontinued?

A

3 and 4 puttonyos were abolished in March 2014; Tokaji Aszú now has a minimum RS requirement of 120g/L. In the same legislation, Aszúeszencia was discontinued as well.
As of the 2014 amendment, puttonyos are no longer a technical measurement; wines are either Aszú or Essencia based on RS. Puttonyos is still allowed on labels as a traditional term.

208
Q

What is the Circle of Mád?

A

A group of producers dedicated to elevating dry wines in Tokaj.

209
Q

What is the minimum aging for Forditás and Máslás?

A

2 years, including one year in barrel.

210
Q

What is the minimum aging for all Aszú and Aszúesszencia wines?

A

Three years, including 18mos in barrel (2 years prior to 2014).

211
Q

Is sweetening authorized for Tokaji wines?

A

No, not for any category.

Up until 8/1/2015, it was permitted for Tokaji white and Late Harvest.

212
Q

What is Egri Bikavér?

A

Bull’s Blood of Eger.
Traditionally made of Kadarka; now a blend of at least three varieties, including Kéfrankos, none of which can make up more that 50% or less than 5% of the blend.
Other authorized grapes include Kékoportó, Kadarka, Blauburger, Zweigelt, Cab Franc, Cab Sauv, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Menoire, and Syrah.

213
Q

What is the major grape of Sopron, and why?

A

Kéfrankos; it is contiguous with Austria’s Burgenland.

214
Q

What two regions are allowed to use the label term “bikaver?”

A

Eger and Szekszárd (southerly, in Transdanubia)

215
Q

What are the PDO zones to the north and south of Lake Balaton?

A

Badascony & Balatonfüred-Czopak (North)

Balatonboglár (South)

216
Q

Where is red wine production concentrated?

A

In the southwest (Szekzárd and Villány in particular). Sopron is a geographic outlier.

217
Q

What is Hungary’s largest wine region?

A

Kunság, in the Great Plain (central Hungary).

218
Q

What is Szürkebarát?

A

Pinot Gris

219
Q

What is the Hungarian name for the Neusiedler See?

A

Fertő

220
Q

What is the principal grape that appears in contemporary Egri Bikavér or Bull’s Blood?

A

Kékfrankos

221
Q

That said could you produce a monovarietal bottling of any of the approved varieties?

A

No, not even kékfrankos which is to form 30-50% of the blend. At least 4 varieties must appear in the blend and none of them may form less than 5% of said blend.

222
Q

What are the three quality levels for the wines of Eger?

A

Classicus, Superior, Grand Superior

223
Q

What word on a Tokaji bottle would indicate that it is dry?

A

Száraz

224
Q

What is Szamorodni?

A

A wine made from gathering all the grapes of a vineyard healthy, shriveled, & botrytized and fermenting them together. It may be either sweet or dry but may also experience the growth of a veil in cellar

225
Q

What would the phrase ‘Jégbor’ on a bottle signify?

A

Icewine

226
Q

Name the famous bitter liqueur produced by Zwack

A

Unicum

227
Q

Slivovitz might be considered a subtype of this fruit liquor that may only be produced in Hungary and, when made from apricots, four provinces of Austria:

A

Palinka

228
Q

What is the word for Hungarian sparkling wine?

A

Pezsgő

229
Q

What is the PGI that occupies the same boundary as Tokaj PDO?

A

Zemplén

230
Q

Barrel name, capacity, and Forest name used for Tokaj PDO?

A

Gönc, 136L, Zemplén

231
Q

Vörös is the name for what in Hungary?

A

Red- red wine/vermouth, also a nickname for redheads socially/culturally- shout out to all my Vörös brothers and sister out there…

232
Q

T/F Olaszrizling is grown everywhere except Tokaj?

A

True

233
Q

What is the Austrian/German/Canadian/Swiss synonym for Olasrizling?

A

Welschriesling, in Croatia= Graševina

234
Q

Aszú wines may not be released prior to January 1 of the third year after harvest. They must be aged in barrel for at least ___ months.

A

Aszú wines may not be released prior to January 1 of the third year after harvest. They must be aged in barrel for at least 18 months.

235
Q

What are the PDOs of Upper Hungary?

A

Bukk
Debrobi Harslevelu
Eger
Tokaj

236
Q

Which winery in Loire owns the Kirlyudvar Estate in Hungary?

A

Domaine Huet

237
Q

What are the residual sugar levels of Szaraz and Edes?

A

9 g/l
45 g/l

238
Q

What are the min aging requirement of Forditas and Masalas?

A

2 years including 1 year in barrel

239
Q

What are the aging requrements of Aszu and Aszuezencia?

A

3 years including 18 months in barrel, from Jan 1

240
Q

What is the min alcohol requirement of Eszencia?

A

1.2 - 8%

241
Q

What is Csillag?

A

“Star”, must be a blend of at least 4 grape varieties. No single variety may be less than 5% or more than 50% of the total blend.

242
Q

What are the major grapes of Somlo?

A

Classic sparkling, Furming, Harslevelu, Olaszrizling, Juhfark

243
Q

What are the major grapes of Sopron?

A

Kekfranko
Franz Weinger

244
Q

If no puttony is listed for Aszù wines, what’s the min g/L of RS? Aging? ABV?

A

a. 120 g/L RS
b. Min 18 months in oak
c. Must be at least 9% ABV

245
Q

Who is the largest owner of Mézes Mály?

A

Royal Tokaj- they own11 of the 19 hectares of Mézes Mály

246
Q

Historically the wine region of Tokaj crossed over into what bordering country?

A

Slovakia

247
Q

What is the volume of a gönc?

A

136L

248
Q

How do barrels produced of Hungarian oak differ from those produced elsewhere? Resulting differences in the wine?

A

American oak is from Quercus alba. European forests contain Quercus petraea and Quercus robur. Most forests contin both. Hungarian forests mostly contain the slower growing and more aromatic petraea while robur is more common in lower altitudes and richer soils like around Limousine. So Hungarian oak is more aromatic because the slow growth concentrates these compounds.

249
Q

What are other brands owned by Disznókõ in Hungary?

A

Sárga Borház, Dorgó, Hattyús

250
Q

What are the single vineyard wines of Disznókõ?

A

Dorgó and Kapi

251
Q

What are the single vineyard wines of Oremus?

A

Petrács- dry Furmint from village of Tolcsva and Mandolás

252
Q

What is Nagykunsági szilvapálink?

A

a plum brandy from Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok. It has to be made from the plums grown in the region, and a minimum of 40 % has to be made from Vörös and/or Besztercei plums. The entire production has to take place in the designated region

253
Q

Nagy Eged Hill, Pajdos, Síkhegy, and Grőber are geographical designations of what appellation?

A

Eger Bikaver

254
Q

Szekszárd is dominated by what soil?

A

Loess that in places is up to 15m deep

255
Q

What is Nyirok?

A

Tokaji - clay soil from the weathering of volcanic rocks

Eastern Europe (8 decks)

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