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SFM Final > Humoral Immunity > Flashcards

Humoral Immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the B cell lines? What are there subcategories and functions?

A

B-1 and B-2

B-1 Mucosal Cells–> limited Ag specifity
B-2 Follicular Cells —> MAJORITY, undergo class switch
B-2 Marginal cells—-> mainly work via IgM

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2
Q

What chemokine attracts B cells to lymphoid tissue and through what do they enter?

A

CXCR5, HEV

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3
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

spleen and lymph nodes

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4
Q

Membrane bound IGs binding Ag is not sufficient to activating B cells. What is the second signal required for FULL activation in step 1 of activation?

A

Ag bound to C3d: the Ag becomes ^^^^ more immunogenic

or

TLR binds to Ag

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5
Q

What component of BCR is / are important for signal transduction?

A

Ig alpha and Ig Beta signal through ICAMS not through IgM

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6
Q

What are 4 subsequent events of B cell activation?

A
  1. increase B7 (cD80)
  2. increase protein synthesis
  3. increase receptor for CCR7 (move toward T cell )
  4. secrete IgM
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7
Q

What are the two possible fates of activated B cells?

A
  1. moving to Germinal Centers

2. becoming plasma B cells

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8
Q

What two events trigger class switching and affinity maturation?

A
  1. CD40/CD40L binding

2. increase cytokines (IFNy and IL-4)

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9
Q

The follicular helper cells are important for the germinal centers, what 3 cytokines do they secrete?

A
  1. IL-21 ( for plasma cell development)

2. IFN-y and IL-4 (for class switching)

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10
Q

What interactions are important for the selection of a B cell for survival?

A
  1. Interactions with Follicular dendritic cells

(assuring they bind with HIGH affinity) and T follicular helpers

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11
Q

Which B cells are sIg class dependent (2) ?

A
  1. plasma cells

2. Memory B cells

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12
Q

Decreased expression of which enzyme would prevent somatic hypermutation of B cells? Is it expressed in T- independent or T- dependent activation?

A
  1. AID : adds point mutations to increase variability

2. T- DEPENDENT

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13
Q

All of the following are true about plasma cells except ?

a. decrease expression of CD27
b. decrease expression of CD19
c. decrease expression of MHC Class 2
d. secrete alot of antibodies
e. if it is IgA specific it will only secrete IgA

A

A

they INCREASE CD27 expression. It is a marker used to measure the amount of memory B cells vs Plasma cells.

ex. Memory cells would have LESS CD27 vs Plasma cells.

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14
Q

Which antibody would you see more of in a T- independent response? Why?

A

You would see increased IgM due to the LACK of class switching present in T- dependent pathway.

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15
Q

Which cells does the T independent pathway use?

A
  1. B-1 mucosa

2. B-2 Marginal cells

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16
Q

The early development of B cells is conducted under the influence of which of the following?

a. antigen
b. AID
c. MHC class 2
d. cytokines

A

D.

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17
Q

Which Ig exhibits Antibody feedback? What Fc receptor is involved?

A

IgG, FcyR11B

18
Q

What intermediates (in order) are activated upon Ab binding FcyR11B?

A

FcyR11B—> SHIP–> ITIM—> PIP3—> PIP2

19
Q

Why is the Fc region important?

A

It is where EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS of Ab occur

20
Q

What are characteristics of a secondary immune response?

A
  1. lag phase 1-3 days
  2. more IgGs
  3. HIGHER peak
  4. MORE ^^^ affinity maturation
21
Q

What are the effector functions of antibodies (4)?

A
  1. opsonization
  2. neutralization
  3. Ab dependent cytotoxicity
  4. Activation of classical pathway
22
Q

What does mom provide for neonatal immunity? (3)

A
  1. physical barrier
  2. Ig A breast milk
  3. IgG placenta
23
Q

What is the affinity, cell distribution and function of FcyR1?

A
  1. HIGH affinity for IgG
  2. Macrophages, neutrophils, eusinophils
  3. phagocytosis
24
Q

What is the affinity, cell distribution and function of FcyR11A?

A
  1. LOW affinity
  2. Macrophages, neutrophils, eusinophils, platelets
  3. phagocytosis
25
Q

What is the affinity, cell distribution and function of FcyRIIB?

A
  1. LOW affinity
  2. Bcells, DCs, mast cells, Macrophages
  3. feedback inhibition (stop inflammation)
26
Q

What is the affinity, cell distribution and function of FcyRIIIA?

A
  1. LOW affinity
  2. NK killers
  3. ADCC (immune cells will lyse targeted cells with Abs
27
Q

What is the affinity, cell distribution and function of FcεRI?

A
  1. HIGH affinity
  2. mast cell, basophil, eusinophil
  3. activation/ degranulation
28
Q

How to Abs neutralize pathogens?

A

block microbes from binding cell surface and block toxins binding the cell receptors

29
Q

IgE binds to _______ (Fc receptor) and activates _______ or ______ (immune cells)

A
  1. binds FcεRI

2. mast cells and eusinophils

30
Q

Which Fc receptor has high affinity for IgG?

A

FcyR1

31
Q

Between what months is a baby considered immunocompetent?

A

6-12 months

32
Q

When does a child begin to produce IgM?

A

before birth

33
Q

Which antibody can cross the placenta and how ?

A

IgG via FcRn receptor

34
Q

This type of immunization can prevent disease after known exposure?

A

Passive immunization

35
Q

What category of immunization does Tdap fall under?

A

BOTH passive and active

36
Q

Which type of immunization is characterized by a previous exposure to an antigen?

A

ACTIVE

37
Q

_______ immunization increases immunological memory?

A

Active immunization

38
Q

By what mechanism does Influenza A evade the humoral immune response?

A

antigenic variation

39
Q

By what mechanism does Gonorrhea evade the humoral immune response?

A

inactivates complement pathway

40
Q

By what mechanism does Streptococcus evade the humoral immune response?

A

blocking hyaluronic acid

41
Q

What is a key difference in the T-cell activation pathways vs B-cell activation pathways?

A

Both activation cascades produce the same products except B cell pathway requires Syc Kinase instead of Lck kinase

42
Q

What intermediates does ZAP-70 activate? (3)

A
  1. P13 kinase
  2. GTP/GDP
  3. PLC y1

SFM Final (7 decks)

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