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SFM Final > Humoral Immunity > Flashcards

Humoral Immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the B cell lines? What are there subcategories and functions?

A

B-1 and B-2

B-1 Mucosal Cells–> limited Ag specifity
B-2 Follicular Cells —> MAJORITY, undergo class switch
B-2 Marginal cells—-> mainly work via IgM

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2
Q

What chemokine attracts B cells to lymphoid tissue and through what do they enter?

A

CXCR5, HEV

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3
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

spleen and lymph nodes

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4
Q

Membrane bound IGs binding Ag is not sufficient to activating B cells. What is the second signal required for FULL activation in step 1 of activation?

A

Ag bound to C3d: the Ag becomes ^^^^ more immunogenic

or

TLR binds to Ag

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5
Q

What component of BCR is / are important for signal transduction?

A

Ig alpha and Ig Beta signal through ICAMS not through IgM

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6
Q

What are 4 subsequent events of B cell activation?

A
  1. increase B7 (cD80)
  2. increase protein synthesis
  3. increase receptor for CCR7 (move toward T cell )
  4. secrete IgM
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7
Q

What are the two possible fates of activated B cells?

A
  1. moving to Germinal Centers

2. becoming plasma B cells

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8
Q

What two events trigger class switching and affinity maturation?

A
  1. CD40/CD40L binding

2. increase cytokines (IFNy and IL-4)

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9
Q

The follicular helper cells are important for the germinal centers, what 3 cytokines do they secrete?

A
  1. IL-21 ( for plasma cell development)

2. IFN-y and IL-4 (for class switching)

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10
Q

What interactions are important for the selection of a B cell for survival?

A
  1. Interactions with Follicular dendritic cells

(assuring they bind with HIGH affinity) and T follicular helpers

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11
Q

Which B cells are sIg class dependent (2) ?

A
  1. plasma cells

2. Memory B cells

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12
Q

Decreased expression of which enzyme would prevent somatic hypermutation of B cells? Is it expressed in T- independent or T- dependent activation?

A
  1. AID : adds point mutations to increase variability

2. T- DEPENDENT

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13
Q

All of the following are true about plasma cells except ?

a. decrease expression of CD27
b. decrease expression of CD19
c. decrease expression of MHC Class 2
d. secrete alot of antibodies
e. if it is IgA specific it will only secrete IgA

A

A

they INCREASE CD27 expression. It is a marker used to measure the amount of memory B cells vs Plasma cells.

ex. Memory cells would have LESS CD27 vs Plasma cells.

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14
Q

Which antibody would you see more of in a T- independent response? Why?

A

You would see increased IgM due to the LACK of class switching present in T- dependent pathway.

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15
Q

Which cells does the T independent pathway use?

A
  1. B-1 mucosa

2. B-2 Marginal cells

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16
Q

The early development of B cells is conducted under the influence of which of the following?

a. antigen
b. AID
c. MHC class 2
d. cytokines

A

D.

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17
Q

Which Ig exhibits Antibody feedback? What Fc receptor is involved?

A

IgG, FcyR11B

18
Q

What intermediates (in order) are activated upon Ab binding FcyR11B?

A

FcyR11B—> SHIP–> ITIM—> PIP3—> PIP2

19
Q

Why is the Fc region important?

A

It is where EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS of Ab occur

20
Q

What are characteristics of a secondary immune response?

A
  1. lag phase 1-3 days
  2. more IgGs
  3. HIGHER peak
  4. MORE ^^^ affinity maturation
21
Q

What are the effector functions of antibodies (4)?

A
  1. opsonization
  2. neutralization
  3. Ab dependent cytotoxicity
  4. Activation of classical pathway
22
Q

What does mom provide for neonatal immunity? (3)

A
  1. physical barrier
  2. Ig A breast milk
  3. IgG placenta
23
Q

What is the affinity, cell distribution and function of FcyR1?

A
  1. HIGH affinity for IgG
  2. Macrophages, neutrophils, eusinophils
  3. phagocytosis
24
Q

What is the affinity, cell distribution and function of FcyR11A?

A
  1. LOW affinity
  2. Macrophages, neutrophils, eusinophils, platelets
  3. phagocytosis
25
What is the affinity, cell distribution and function of FcyRIIB?
1. LOW affinity 2. Bcells, DCs, mast cells, Macrophages 3. feedback inhibition (stop inflammation)
26
What is the affinity, cell distribution and function of FcyRIIIA?
1. LOW affinity 2. NK killers 3. ADCC (immune cells will lyse targeted cells with Abs
27
What is the affinity, cell distribution and function of FcεRI?
1. HIGH affinity 2. mast cell, basophil, eusinophil 3. activation/ degranulation
28
How to Abs neutralize pathogens?
block microbes from binding cell surface and block toxins binding the cell receptors
29
IgE binds to _______ (Fc receptor) and activates _______ or ______ (immune cells)
1. binds FcεRI | 2. mast cells and eusinophils
30
Which Fc receptor has high affinity for IgG?
FcyR1
31
Between what months is a baby considered immunocompetent?
6-12 months
32
When does a child begin to produce IgM?
before birth
33
Which antibody can cross the placenta and how ?
IgG via FcRn receptor
34
This type of immunization can prevent disease after known exposure?
Passive immunization
35
What category of immunization does Tdap fall under?
BOTH passive and active
36
Which type of immunization is characterized by a previous exposure to an antigen?
ACTIVE
37
_______ immunization increases immunological memory?
Active immunization
38
By what mechanism does Influenza A evade the humoral immune response?
antigenic variation
39
By what mechanism does Gonorrhea evade the humoral immune response?
inactivates complement pathway
40
By what mechanism does Streptococcus evade the humoral immune response?
blocking hyaluronic acid
41
What is a key difference in the T-cell activation pathways vs B-cell activation pathways?
Both activation cascades produce the same products except B cell pathway requires Syc Kinase instead of Lck kinase
42
What intermediates does ZAP-70 activate? (3)
1. P13 kinase 2. GTP/GDP 3. PLC y1

SFM Final (7 decks)

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