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Positioning semester 2 > humerus and shoulder girdle > Flashcards

humerus and shoulder girdle Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the shoulder girdle

A

proximal humerus
clavicle
scapula

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2
Q

where is the scapula

A

T2-T7

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3
Q

female clavicle

A

shorter and less curved

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4
Q

male clavicle

A

most curved in heavily muscled males

more curved than females

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5
Q

what is the most frequently broken bone in the body

A

clavicle

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6
Q

scapula has 2 surfaces

A

costal surface

posterior surface

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7
Q

scapula has three borders

A

medial border
superior border
lateral border

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8
Q

scapula has 3 angles

A

superior angle
inferior angle
lateral angle

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9
Q

scapulohumeral joint

A

the shoulder joint where the humeral head articulates with the scapula

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10
Q

what are the articulations of the shoulder girdle

A

sternoclavicular joint
acromioclavicular joint
scapulohumeral joint

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11
Q

humerus

basic projections

A

AP
AP rotational lateral
horizontal beam lateral

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12
Q

humerus

special projections

A

transthoracic lateral

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13
Q

shoulder

basic nontrauma projections

A

AP external rotation

AP internal rotation

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14
Q

shoulder

special nontrauma projections

A 
inferosuperior axial (lawrence method) 
superoinferior axial (hobbs modification) 
inferosuperior axial (clements modification)
posterior oblique glenoid cavity (grashey method)
tangential projection intertuburcular groove (fisk method)
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15
Q

shoulder

basic trauma projections

A

AP neutral rotation
transthoracic lateral (lawrence method)
Scapular Y lateral

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16
Q

shoulder

special trauma projections

A 
tangential projection supraspinatus outlet (Neer method)
apical oblique (garth method)
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17
Q

clavicle

basic projections

A

AP

AP axial

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18
Q

AC joints

basic projections

A

AP bilateral with weights

AP bilateral without weights

19
Q

Scapula

basic projections

A

AP
Lateral “Y”
erect
recumbent

20
Q

HUMERUS

clinical indications

A

fractures and dislocations of humerus

osteoporosis

21
Q

HUMERUS

technical factors

A

SID = 40

75-85 kVp

22
Q

Humerus AP projection

A

central ray perpendicular to midpoint of humerus
epicondyles parallel to IR
need elbow and shoulder joints

23
Q

how do you know you have a true AP projection of the humerus

A

greater tuburcle in profile
humeral head partially seen in profile
epicondyles in profile

24
Q

rotational lateral of the humerus

A

arm is internally rotated
epicondyles perpendicular to IR
central ray at midpoint of humerus
respiration suspended

25
Q

how do you know you have a true rotational lateral of the humerus

A

epicondyles are directly superimposed

lesser tuburcle in profile medially

26
Q

horizontal beam lateral humerus

trauma

A

done for the mid and distal humerus on a trauma patient
70-85 kVp
patient is supine
elbow flexed
IR placed between arm and thorax -top of IR at axilla

27
Q

horizontal beam lateral humerus

evaluation criteria

A

elbow joint visible

distal 2/3rds of humerus is well visualized

28
Q

transthoracic lateral humerus

clinical indications

A

fractures of diaphysis of humerus

29
Q

transthoracic lateral humerus

A

80-90 kVp
orthostatic breathing technique 2-4 seconds
affected arm in neutral position opposite arm raised above head
central ray centered to mid thorax

30
Q

what do you do if the pt. cannot lift the arm above their head for a transthoracic projection

A

drop the shoulder and angle the CR 10-15 degrees cephalad

31
Q

clavicle AP and AP axial projections

clinical indications

A

fractures and dislocations of the clavicle
SID = 40
75-85 kVp
10x12 IR

32
Q

Clavicle

AP projection positioning

A

clavicle centered to IR and CR

CR perpendiclar to midclavicle

33
Q

Clavicle

AP axial projection positioning

A

CR angled 15-30 degrees cephalad to mid clavicle

asthenic patients require more angulation

34
Q

AC joints

bilateral with/without weights

A

SID = 72
70-80 kVp
CR is directed midway between the AC joints one inch above the jugular notch

35
Q

why do we use the weights for AC joints

A

to separate the AC joint

36
Q

AC joints

Weights for large adults

A

8-10 lbs

37
Q

AC joints

weights for smaller adults

A

5-8 lbs

38
Q

Alternate AP axial projection of the AC joints

A

(alexander method)

CR 15 degrees cephelad centered at AC joints

39
Q

Scapula AP projection

A

SID = 40
75-85 kVp
orthostatic breathing technique 3-4 seconds
abduct arm 90 degrees and supinate the hand
CR perpendicular to midscapula
2 inches below the coracoid process

40
Q

Scapula

Lateral projection RAO or LAO

A

horizontal fractures of the scapula
rotate pt. about 45 degrees or until the AC joint is perpendicular to the IR
CR is perpendicular to mid vertebral border of the scapula

41
Q

for demonstrating the body of the scapula

A

the pt. reaches across the front of the chest and grasps opposite shoulder

42
Q

for demonstrating the acromion and coracoid

A

flex the elbow and place hand on lower back

43
Q

bankart fracture

A

fracture of the anteroinferior glenoid rim

seen in 85% of cases after a traumatic anterior dislocation

44
Q

impingement syndrome

A

impingement of the greater tuberosity and soft tissues on the coracoacromial ligamnetous and osseous arch

Positioning semester 2 (4 decks)

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