FINAL femur/pelvic girdle Flashcards
where are two common sites of fractures in the elderly?
femoral neck and intertrochanteric crest
what does the pelvis consist of
2 hip bones
sacrum
coccyx
what consists of the pelvic girdle
2 hip bones
what are the 3 divisions of the hip bone
illium
ischium
pubis
the ilium ischium and pubis join together to form what?
the acetabulum
ala
part of the ilium
wing
T or F the obturator foramen is the larges foramen in the body
TRUE
pelvic brim
divides the pelvic area into 2 cavities
greater/false pelvis
area superior to pelvic brim
lesser/true pelvis
area inferior to the plane through the pelvic brim
forms the actual birth canal
what is the ruler that is used to measure the inlet and outlet of mothers pelvis and the babys head
colcher-sussman ruler
male pelvis
narrow, deep
smaller angle of pubic arch
inlet is more heart shaped
female pelvis
wide, shallow
larger angle of pubic arch
inlet more rounded
have flared ala
evidence of a hip fracture
external rotation of the involved hip
FEMUR
basic projections
AP
lateral (distal femur)
lateral (mid and proximal femur)
PELVIS
basic projections
AP
AP bilateral frog leg (modified cleaves)
PELVIS
special projections
AP axial outlet (Taylor method)
AP axial inlet
AP oblique projection (Judet method)
PA axial oblique projection (Teufel method)
HIP
basic projections
AP
Axiolateral inferosuperior projection (Danelius Miller)
Unilateral frog leg projection mediolateral (modified cleaves)
HIP
special projections
Modified axiolateral (Clements Nakayama method)
how do you find the head and neck of the femur?
determine midpoint of line between ASIS and pubic symphysis
head is 1.5inches distal to that point
neck is 2.5 inches distal to that point
internal rotation of the leg shows what in profile
the greater trochanter
external rotation of the leg shows what in profile
the lesser trochanter
bony thorax consists of
sternum
thoracic vertebrae
12 pairs of ribs
sternum consists of
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
manubrium is at the level of
T2 T3
clavicular notches
articulate with the sternal end of the clavicle
form the sternoclavicular joints
xiphoid process is at the level of
T9 T10
when does the sternum become totally ossified?
about age 40
true or false
anterior ribs do not unite directly with the sternum but with a short piece of cartilage
TRUE
rib cartilage =
costocartilage
the sternal angle is at the level of
T4 T5
True or false
the costocartilage of ribs 8 9 and 10 connect to rib 7
TRUE
True ribs
first 7 ribs
False ribs
8-12
floating ribs
11- 12
do not have costocartilage
posterior ribs are how many inches higher than the anterior end
3-5 inches higher
what are the ends of the rib
vertebral and sternal end
vertebral end of the rib has 3 parts
head
neck
tubercle
the tubercle of the rib articulates with
the transverse process of the vertebra
angle of the rib
where the body arches
costal groove
contains an artery, vein and nerve
which ribs are short broad and the most vertical?
the 1st ribs
costotransverse joint
articulation between tubercle of rib and the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra
costovertebral joint
articulation between the head of the rib and the demifacets of the body of the thoracic vertebrae
sternum positioning
for a thin or shallow chest do you need more or less obliquity?
MORE
20degrees
sternum positioning
for a large barrel chested patient do you need more or less obliquity?
LESS
15 degrees
flail chest
fracture of adjacent ribs in 2 or more places
caused by blunt trauma
can lead to instability of chest wall
pectus carinatum (pigeon breast)
congenital defect
anterior protrusion of lower sternum adn xiphoid
pectus excavatum
congenital condition
funnel chest
depressed sternum
often corrected surgically
