Humans

Question 1

What are carbohydrates used for

Answer 1

Source of energy

Question 2

What are proteins used for

Answer 2

Growth
Repair of tissues
Making enzymes

Question 3

What are lipids used for

Answer 3

Store of energy
Protection of organs
Insulation

Question 4

What is vitamin A used for

Answer 4

Helps vision in dim light

Question 5

what is vitamin C used for

Answer 5

Healthy skin, teeth and gums

prevents scurvy

Question 6

what is vitamin D and calcium used for

Answer 6

Strong bones and teeth

prevents rickets

Question 7

whats is iron used for

Answer 7

to make haemoglobin

prevents anaemia

Question 8

what are dietary fibres used for

Answer 8

helps peristalsis

reduces constipation

Question 9

what is peristalsis

Answer 9

the movement of food through the gut by muscle contraction

Question 10

how is the small intestine adapted for efficient absorption

Answer 10

• Long to increase SA for absorption and diffusion
• Lots of capillaries
• have microvilli and villi to increase SA
• Thin wall for short diffusion distance
• Have lacteals where fatty acids & glycerol absorbed

Question 11

what is respiration

Answer 11

The release of energy from glucose

Question 12

word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 12

glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 13

chemical equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 13

C6 H12 O6 + 602 —> 6C02 + 6H20 + ENERGY

Question 14

Aerobic respiration

Answer 14

OXYGEN NEEDED

• happens in mitochondria
• glucose broken down completely
• Lots of energy released

Question 15

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 15

NO OXYGEN NEEDED

• happens in cytoplasm
• incomplete glucose breakdown
• small amount of energy released

Question 16

Anaerobic respiration in plant cells and yeast word equation

Answer 16

Glucose —-> ethanol + Carbon dioxide + energy

Question 17

Anaerobic respiration in animal cells word equation

Answer 17

Glucose —-> lactic acid + energy

Question 18

Adaptions of alveoli for gas exchange

Answer 18

• Lots of alveoli so large SA for diffusion of 02 and C02
• Ventilation helps maintain a concentration gradient of gases
• walls of alveolus & capillary are only 1 cell thick so short diffusion distance
• moist lining - gases dissolve before diffusing

Question 19

EXPERIMENT -to investigate the effect of exercise on breathing in humans

Answer 19

• Get a group of students ( same age, gender, size)
• Measure breathing rate before and after exercise by counting breaths per min (use machine for accuracy)
• REPEAT

keep the same:
-Type, intensity and duration of exercise

Question 20

3 types of blood vessel (leading onto each other)

Answer 20

Arteries, Capillaries, veins

Question 21

Capillaries

Answer 21

involved in exchange of materials at the tissue

Question 22

Veins

Answer 22

carry blood to the heart

Question 23

Arteries

Answer 23

carry blood away from the heart

Question 24

4 main components in blood

Answer 24

Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cells
white blood cells

Question 25

Plasma

Answer 25

- liquid part of blood - pale yellow liquid - carries everything that needs transporting in your body

Question 26

Platelets

Answer 26

- Small fragments of cells which help blood clot - Clots stop you loosing blood - Platelets held together by a mesh of protein called fibrin

Question 27

Red blood cells

Answer 27

- Carry oxygen from lungs to all cells - contain haemoglobin - small, bioconcave shape - have no nucleus

Question 28

white blood cells (and names of two types)

Answer 28

- destroy pathogens (unwanted substances) which enter the body - Phagocytes - Lymphocites

Question 29

Function of Phagocytes

Answer 29

- detect pathogens - eat pathogens - attack anything thats not meant to be there

Question 30

Function of Lymphocites

Answer 30

-Produce antibodies which mark onto pathogens so they can be known and destroyed