Humanities Test Flashcards
Feudalism
Agreement between a noble/lord and his knight; knight would get a small amount of land if he worked for his lord
Vassal
A knight/knights that worked for a lord
Serf
A servant/peasant that is never allowed to leave the nobles/lord’s land
Manor
A piece of land owned by a noble/lord that had peasants, knights, and servants living on it with the lord/noble’s house being the biggest.
Clovis
Ruler of Rome while it transitioned into a European dynasty
Charlemagne
Brilliant warrior and strong king who led the Franks in building a large empire
Emperor Henry IV
Roman emperor who was excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII
Pope Gregory VII
Pope who built very big churches and turned them into a fighting force/army
Francis of Assisi
Man who created a new order of Christianity
Excommunicate
To be thrown out by your church for doing something bad
Peter the Hermit
Person who led the People’s crusade to Jerusalem
Pope Urban II
Pope who convinced people to join the fighting force by telling them that God would forgive them of their sins and they would go to heaven if they died.
Thomas Aquinas
Man who brought rational thinking into the bible/church
Antisemitism
Hate of Jewish people
Emperor Alexios
Emperor who led the first crusade (and lost)
People’s Crusade
A force of civilians who fought and stole their way to Jerusalem (killed a lot of Christians)
First Crusade
First crusade that ever happened; European peasants went ahead and were demolished by the Turkish armies, but later on the knights caught up and took over Jerusalem. Within 50 years, the muslims started taking back the land.
Second Crusade
French and German Kings; poor planning and lots of losses caused them to get destroyed and they returned to Europe in less than a year
Saladin
Main opponent in the third crusade; leader of the Muslim forces
Richard the Lion-Hearted
Only king who stayed with the third crusaders
Third Crusade
Began after the Muslims took back Jerusalem; the French king left and the German king died
Fourth Crusade
French knights arrived in Venice but they didn’t have enough money to sail over; ended up sacking a city for enough money to sail over
Reconquista
Christian efforts to re-claim Spain from the Moors
Inquisition
An organization of priests that looked for and punished anyone for secretly practicing their own religion
The Great Schism
The separation of multiple churches
Orthodox Christianity
Christians who believe that Chrstain faith cannot be seperated from the church
Plague
A deadly disease originally spread by rats from Asia
Hundred Years War
A war between England and France over land and who would rule it
Chivalry
Qualities desired in a “brave” knight
Joan of Ark
Teenage girl who led the French troops to war; was eventually killed, but the French won anyway
William the Conqueror
French Noble who brought the idea of Feudalism to Britain; led the Hundred Years War
Gunpowder Weapons
Weapons developed over the Hundred Years War using gunpowder from China
Magna Carta
A list that King John was forced to sign; gave more power to nobles
King John
Youngest of Henry II’s sons
Common Law
A system where people used similar crimes as examples as how they should punish a person who made a crime
Independent Judiciary
A system where judges were free to make decisions based off of fact and law
Parliament
A council of nobles that advised the king
Habeas Corpus
A writ requiring someone to be brought before a judge before they were automatically thrown into jail
Representative Government
Government who makes decisions based off of the votes of the country
