humanities 11

Question 1

Which argument does this sentence belong to:
Every event has a cause, and so either there is some uncaused, primary cause or else the chain of causes goes backwards infinitely

Answer 1

The Cosmological Argument for the existence of God
The cosmological argument is an attempt to prove the existence of God by the fact that things exist. It assumes that things must have a cause, and that the chain of causes can only end by a supernatural event. Other names for the argument are argument from universal causation, argument from first cause, causal argument and argument from existence.

The universe exists, so there must be something that caused the universe. The first cause is claimed to be God. Thomas Aquinas said that God is the only thing that was not caused by something else, and that God created the cause of existence.
God is thought of as an Unmoved Mover

Question 2

A logical fallacy that minimizes the differences between similar things or events and does not prove anything

Answer 2

The Slippery Slope argument.
The slippery slope argument, a course of action is rejected because, with little or no evidence, one insists that it will lead to a chain reaction resulting in an undesirable end or ends. The slippery slope involves an acceptance of a succession of events without direct evidence that this course of events will happen.

Question 3

Thomas Aquinas’ five ways defined God

Answer 3

Unmoved Mover, the First Cause, the Necessary Being, the Absolute Being and the Grand Designer.

Question 4

argument that is not based on causation but on the conception of God as the most perfect being

Answer 4

The Ontological argument for the existence of God.
Developed by St. Anselm
The ontological argument is an idea in religious philosophy. It is supposed to show that God exists. There are different versions, but they all argue something like: because we can imagine a perfect being, there must be a god. The idea is that existing makes a good thing better than one that’s only imaginary.

Question 5

Argument that takes God to be responsible not for the chain of causes but for the order of the universe: just as a watch presupposes a watchmaker, so an ordered universe presupposes a Cosmic Designer

Answer 5

The Design Argument for GodThe design argument.
Aka “intelligent design” (William Paley)
This is an argument for the existence of God. It points to evidence that suggests our world works well - ie that it was designed in a specific way. The argument follows that if it was designed like this, then someone or something must have designed it.

Question 6

John Phillip Sousa, an American composer and band leader, popularized which style of music?

Answer 6

marches
“The Washington Post March”
“The Liberty Bell”
Known as the March King

Question 7

What is Italian Guiseppe Verdi known for?

Answer 7

Operas
"Rigoletta"
"La Traviata"
"Aida"
"Otello"

Question 8

What was Ludwig van Beethoven known for?

Answer 8

Symphonies
The most famous among these were the haunting Moonlight Sonata, symphonies No. 3-8, the Kreutzer violin sonata and Fidelio, his only opera.

Question 9

What was Johann Sebastian Bach known for?

Answer 9

largely associated with fugues during the Baroque period
His best-known compositions include The Well-Tempered Clavier, Toccata and Fugue in D minor, Air on the G String, Goldberg Variations, Brandenburg Concertos

Question 10

What was Frederic Chopin known for?

Answer 10

composed lyrical nocturnes for piano
He was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era who wrote primarily for solo piano.
The Revolutionary Etude, Etude Op. 10, NO. 12 In C Minor.
A Polish Traditional Song, A Young Girl’s Wish.
The Minute Waltz, Waltz In D-Flat Major, Op. 64, No. …
The heroic Polonaise, Polonaise In A-Flat Major, Op.

Question 11

a short composition of a romantic or dreamy character suggestive of night, typically for piano.

Answer 11

nocturne

Chopin

Question 12

a dramatic work in one or more acts, set to music for singers and instrumentalists.

Answer 12

opera

Verdi

Question 13

walk in a military manner with a regular measured tread.

Answer 13

marches

Sousa

Question 14

an elaborate musical composition for full orchestra, typically in four movements, at least one of which is traditionally in sonata form.

Answer 14

symphonies

Beethoven

Question 15

a contrapuntal composition in which a short melody or phrase (the subject) is introduced by one part and successively taken up by others and developed by interweaving the parts.

Answer 15

fugues

Bach

Question 16

French painter, a founder of French Impressionist painting and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement’s philosophy of expressing one’s perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein air landscape painting.

Answer 16

Claude Monet

Question 17

Which composer was to music as Claude Monet was to art?

Answer 17

Claude Debussy
Sometimes seen as the first impressionist composer, he experiments with musical impressionism
His major works include Clair de lune (“Moonlight,” in Suite bergamasque, 1890–1905), Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune (1894; Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun), the opera Pelléas et Mélisande (1902), and La Mer (1905; “The Sea”).

Question 18

A Russian composer, pianist, and conductor. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century. He rose to fame in the early 1900s for his compositions for the Ballets Russes, including the controversial The Rite of Spring.

Answer 18

Igor Stravinsky
The Rite of Spring “Le Sacre du Printemps”
“The Firebird”
“Petruska”

Question 19

Why was Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring “Le Sacre du Printemps” controversial?

Answer 19

the scenario depicts various primitive rituals celebrating the advent of spring, after which a young girl is chosen as a sacrificial victim and dances herself to death.The work’s premiere on May 29, 1913, at the Théatre des Champs-Elysées in Paris, was scandalous. In addition to the outrageous costumes, unusual choreography and bizarre story of pagan sacrifice, Stravinsky’s musical innovations tested the patience of the audience to the fullest.

Question 20

What was Dizzy Gillespie known for?

Answer 20

composer and performer of jazz music and was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, composer, educator and singer.He was a trumpet virtuoso and improviser.In the 1940s Gillespie, with Charlie Parker, became a major figure in the development of bebop and modern jazz. Considered one of the fathers of jazz and inventor or bebop. His best-known compositions include “Oop Bob Sh’ Bam,” “Salt Peanuts” and “A Night in Tunisia.”

Question 21

What was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart known for?

Answer 21

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–91) was an Austrian composer. Mozart composed music in several genres, including opera and symphony. His most famous compositions included the motet Exsultate, Jubilate, K 165 (1773), the operas The Marriage of Figaro (1786) and Don Giovanni (1787), and the Jupiter Symphony (1788).
Composed during the classical period

Question 22

relating to or denoting a style of European architecture, music, and art of the 17th and 18th centuries that followed mannerism and is characterized by ornate detail. In architecture the period is exemplified by the palace of Versailles and by the work of Bernini in Italy. Major composers include Vivaldi, Bach, and Handel; Caravaggio and Rubens are important baroque artists.

Answer 22

baroque

Question 23

memorization technique based on repetition. The idea is that one will be able to quickly recall the meaning of the material the more one repeats it.

Answer 23

rote learning

Question 24

What teaching style was Dr. Shinichi Suzuki known for?

Answer 24

developed a teaching philosophy called “Talent Education” which employed the “mother-tongue” method. Music is taught in a similar fashion to children learning their native language, by rote.
The use of imitation, repetition, and observation are emphasized. He was was a Japanese musician, philosopher, and educator and the founder of the international Suzuki method of music education and developed a philosophy for educating people of all ages and abilities. Considered an influential pedagogue in music education of children, he often spoke of the ability of all children to learn things well, especially in the right environment, and of developing the heart and building the character of music students through their music education.

Question 25

What teaching style was Edwin Gordon known for?

Answer 25

He emphasized audiation, the use of inner hearing (process of both mentally hearing and understanding music, even when no music is present. In essence, audiation is thinking in music or thinking about music in a way that brain is able to give meaning to the sounds.)
Music Learning Theory is a comprehensive method for teaching audiation, Gordon’s term for the ability to think music in the mind with understanding.

Question 26

What teaching style is Carl Orff’s known for?

Answer 26

His approach employed the use of rhythm. He was a German composer and music educator, best known for his cantata Carmina Burana (1937). The concepts of his Schulwerk were influential for children’s music education. Orff’s system of music education for children, largely based on developing a sense of rhythm through group exercise and performance with percussion instruments, has been widely adopted.

Question 27

What teaching style is Emile Jacques-Delcroze known for?

Answer 27

primarily recognized for the use of eurythmics and improvisation. A Swiss composer, musician and music educator who developed Dalcroze Eurhythmics, an approach to learning and experiencing music through movement. Dalcroze method or simply eurhythmics, is one of several developmental approaches including the Kodály method, Orff Schulwerk and Suzuki Method used to teach music to students. Eurhythmics was developed in the early 20th century by Swiss musician and educator Émile Jaques-Dalcroze. Dalcroze eurhythmics teaches concepts of rhythm, structure, and musical expression using movement, and is the concept for which Dalcroze is best known. It focuses on allowing the student to gain physical awareness and experience of music through training that takes place through all of the senses, particularly kinesthetic.

Question 28

What is the Carabo-Cone Method of teaching children music?

Answer 28

Believe students learns by using the body and involves using props, costumes, and toys for children to learn basic musical concepts of staff, note duration, and the piano keyboard. The concrete environment of the specially planned classroom allows the child to learn the fundamentals of music by exploring through touch.

Question 29

A traditional story, usually connected with religion of people, and attempts to account for something in nature

Answer 29

a myth

Question 30

In his speech “ Speech in the Virginia Convention”, Patrick Henry says, “Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss”. What best describes this quote?

Answer 30

Biblical allusion
This speech is a reference to Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus with a kiss, giving him up to the soldiers to be crucified. This is a biblical allusion from Luke 22: 47-48.

Question 31

Who was Patrick Henry and what did he write?

Answer 31

Patrick Henry was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the first governor of Virginia. He was a gifted orator and major figure in the American Revolution. His rousing speeches—which included a 1775 speech to the Virginia legislature in which he famously declared, “Give me liberty, or give me death!”—fired up America’s fight for independence.

Question 32

one who seeks forgiveness in a religious sense

Answer 32

supplicant

implies they are guilty of something

Question 33

Who wrote:

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times

Answer 33

Charles Dickens
A Tale of Two Cities
Story indicates it was a time anything was possible and mocks the governments of England and France for their arrogance.

Question 34

What was Le Corbusier known for?

Answer 34

AKA Charles-Édouard Jeanneret was a Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now called modern architecture.
Created a new housing project that focused on communal living called Unite d’Habitation in Marseilles

Question 35

What is a medieval cycle play?

Answer 35

The mystery plays are sequences of performances, sometimes referred to as ‘cycle plays’ because they make up a cycle of 48 surviving short playlets.They are most commonly known as the ‘mystery plays’ for two reasons. Firstly, they took the mysteries of God as their primary theme. They aimed to show, in the course of a day, the whole history of the universe from the creation of Heaven and Earth to the Last Judgement – the end of the world, when everyone on earth will be judged by God and divided between Heaven and Hell, salvation and damnation. Secondly, these plays were organized, funded and produced by guilds, which were also called ‘mysteries’ in the Middle Ages.

Question 36

novel is a novel written as a series of documents. The usual form is letters, although diary entries, newspaper clippings and other documents are sometimes used. Recently, electronic “documents” such as recordings and radio, blogs, and e-mails have also come into use.

Answer 36

epistolary novel

Question 37

What characterizes Victorian literature?

Answer 37

tend to be idealized portraits of difficult lives in which hard work, perseverance, love and luck win out in the end. They were usually inclined towards being of improving nature with a central moral lesson at heart. written in England during the reign of Queen Victoria, or roughly from 1837 -1901. It is largely characterized by the struggle of working people and the triumph of right over wrong.

Question 38

The “skyscraper”, as first pioneered by architects such as Henry Hobson Richardson and Louis Sullivan, saw its earliest development in which city?

Answer 38

Chicago
These architects are known for their contributions to the development of urban architecture in Chicago, which, because of financial and land constraints, ultimately led to skyscrapers. This is an American invention of architecture.

Question 39

What was Henry Hobson Richardson known for?

Answer 39

was a prominent American architect, best known for his work in a style that became known as Richardsonian Romanesque. Along with Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, Richardson is one of “the recognized trinity of American architecture”.

Question 40

What was Louis Sullivan known for?

Answer 40

America’s First Modern Architect (1856-1924)
Louis Henri Sullivan (born September 3, 1856) is widely considered America’s first truly modern architect. Although born in Boston, Massachusetts, Sullivan is best known as a major player in what is known as the Chicago School and the birth of the modern skyscraper.

Question 41

What was Frank Lloyd Wright known for?

Answer 41

was an American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, whose creative period spanned more than 70 years, designing more than 1,000 structures, of which 532 were completed. Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater (1935), which has been called “the best all-time work of American architecture

Question 42

What three architects were known as the Trinity of American Architecture?

Answer 42

Henry Hobson Richardson, Louis Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright.

Question 43

The term “carole” or Reigen is a choral dance involving skipping and/or leaping to a ring-shaped form, and probably falling. Which group of early Middle Ages took joy in practicing this type of dance?

Answer 43

Franciscan monks

expressed their joy by singing, skipping, leaping, and falling. (ring around the rosy-type dancing in a circle)

Question 44

What is a pantalone?

Answer 44

is one of the most important principal characters found in commedia dell’arte. With his exceptional greed and status at the top of the social order, Pantalone is “money” in the commedia world.He is also described as being petty, and he never forgets or forgives even the smallest things. Pantalone is characterized as loving his money and having emotional extremes. With his sinister and often inhumane treatment towards his fellows, Pantalone is perceived to be a pivotal part of commedia.

Question 45

What is a commedia dell’arte?

Answer 45

A commedia, such as The Tooth Puller, is both scripted and improvised. Characters’ entrances and exits are scripted. A special characteristic of commedia dell’arte are the lazzi. A lazzo is a joke or “something foolish or witty”, usually well known to the performers and to some extent a scripted routine. Another characteristic of commedia dell’arte is pantomime, which is mostly used by the character Arlecchino (Harlequin).
The characters of the commedia usually represent fixed social types and stock characters, such as foolish old men, devious servants, or military officers full of false bravado. The characters are exaggerated “real characters”, such as a know-it-all doctor called Il Dottore, a greedy old man called Pantalone, or a perfect relationship like the Innamorati.

Question 46

The question whether “knowledge is justified true belief” is a question in what branch of philosophy; and is most closely associated with what famous philosopher ?

Answer 46

Epistemology / Plato
Epistemology: the theory of knowledge. Plato argues that knowledge is justified true belief: mere true belief is necessary but not sufficient for knowledge, because a true belief might be the product of a lucky guess. A person who knows has a good reason for the true belief.

Question 47

the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion.

Answer 47

Epistemology

Question 48

branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of existence, being and the world.

Answer 48

Metaphysics. Arguably, metaphysics is the foundation of philosophy: Aristotle calls it “first philosophy” (or sometimes just “wisdom”), and says it is the subject that deals with “first causes and the principles of things”.
It concerns existence and the nature of things that exist. … The metaphysical idea that reality exists independently of one’s mind and yet can be known is called realism. The metaphysical idea that no mind-independent reality exists or can be known is idealism.The definition of metaphysics is a field of philosophy that is generally focused on how reality and the universe began. An example of metaphysics is a study of God versus the Big Bang theory.

Question 49

Which philosopher held that knowledge is a matter of clarity and distinctness, the resolution of doubt?

Answer 49

Descartes

Question 50

Which philosopher held that when we know, we know that we know and need no justification?

Answer 50

Spinoza

Question 51

claim that there are significant ways in which our concepts and knowledge are gained independently of sense experience.

Answer 51

Rationalists
Rene Descartes (father of rationalism), Spinoza, and Leibniz

Question 52

claim that sense experience is the ultimate source of all our concepts and knowledge.

Answer 52

empiricists
John Locke (generally known as the founder), Berkeley, and Hume

Question 53

Which musician/educator/composer developed teaching methods that employed folk songs with his method?

Answer 53

Zoltan Kodaly. Researched the folk music of Hungary. He believed using folk songs for study would strengthen a musical culture.