Humanitarian Intervention Flashcards
responsibility to protect information when and where
2001 report of the international commission on intervention and state sovereignty
responsibility to protect what is it
international community has to oversee and fulfill the protection of the population from war crimes genocide ethnic cleansing crime versus humanity
2005 revision of the R2P
security council has to allow force (chapter Vi-VIII)
through UN
peaceful means priority
solidarist names
Vincent Shue
solidarist argument
all humans have basic rights and state need to protect them
states serve people –> violation human rights = states dont fulfill duties so not states anymore
non-intervention + sovereignty not respected anymore
international community duty to deliver human rights
Kosovo
1999
breakdown of Yugoslavia –> kosovo part of Serbia but wants independence as ethnic majority were Muslim Albanian (92%)
conflict between serbian and kosovian + albenian forces
serbian police attacks Rackack district in KOsovo
45 Kosovo Albenian killed
NATO air strikes vs milosevic (serbian leader) - operation allied forces
pluralist names
bull
pluralist argument
states conflicting claim of justice and good society
abuse
rule of consequentialism: no rules on the practice of humanitarian intervention –> states act on own interests and morals destroying international ordr
right of humanitarian intervention jeopardizes sovereignty and non-intervention
kenya 2007
kibaki + oding aower sharing in kenya after 2002 elections –> kibaki wasn’t sharing + corruption
2007 elections –> kibaki won although polls were always favourable otawrds Odings
riots vs government –> government suppressed violence = 1,000 deaths
kibaki administration wasn’t fulfilling its duty of citizen protection and was threatening the citizens health and well being
international community intervene in order to protect
no need of force - ngotiations
2008 National Accord of Reconciliation
counter-restrictionist names
Reisman
counter-restrictionist argument
states can legally intervene as they have a responsibility to protect under the UN charter of 1945 Article 1(3) + 55 + 56
humanitarian customary law allows humanitarian intervention
should act through UN
uses credibility if it doesn’t + realist case could be stronger
Syria 2018
US, UK, France launch air strikes on Syrian chemical weapon facilities
100 missiles
not through the UN
accused by Russia, China and Iran
since 2013 known that chemical weapons were used
something else must have pushed the intervention
wheeler saving strangers
- is there a humanitarian emergency?
- is it the last resort?
- is it proportional?
- is there a reasonable chance of a positive outcome?
first humanitarian inervention
Libya 1973
solidarist good and risks
good: humanitarian rights achieved + individual focus of international community + highe human protection
harm: legal case on intervenor or international disorder
realist names
waltz
realist argument
HI excuse to pursue national interest
another way with which stronger countries impose themselves on weaker ones
HI just used when national interest is at stake
moral incentives overwhelemed by self-interest
states ahve no right to kill their armed forces to protect citizens that aren’t under their wing of protection
Somalia 1991
General Barre’s regime overthrown in 1991
civil war –> clan based
violence –> 300,000 died
UN intervene in 1991 –> US’led multinational force of the UNited Task Force –> 18 uS soliders died in 1993 MOgadish battle + 147 UN armed forces killed
withdrawal of forces 1993 and 1995
Cambodia-Vietnam conflict 1978
1978 vietnam invades cambodia to depose the Khmaer Rouge –> led democratic Kamouchea under Pol Plot and they were carrying out human violations: 1.5-2M killed due to starvation, execution and over worl e.g. detention centre S12 –> 20,000 died
UN invades cambodia in 1978 till 1992 when a coalition government was establsihed
China invades Vietnam in 1978
pluralist good and harm
good: restoration of humanitarian rights
harm: international disorder
realist good and harm
harm: abuse –> perception of casus belli + selectivity –> unbalanced and unequal community + killing of national soldiers
