Humanitarian Intervention

Question 1

responsibility to protect information when and where

Answer 1

2001 report of the international commission on intervention and state sovereignty

Question 2

responsibility to protect what is it

Answer 2

international community has to oversee and fulfill the protection of the population from 
war crimes 
genocide
ethnic cleansing 
crime versus humanity

Question 3

2005 revision of the R2P

Answer 3

security council has to allow force (chapter Vi-VIII)

through UN

peaceful means priority

Question 4

solidarist names

Answer 4

Vincent Shue

Question 5

solidarist argument

Answer 5

all humans have basic rights and state need to protect them

states serve people –> violation human rights = states dont fulfill duties so not states anymore
non-intervention + sovereignty not respected anymore

international community duty to deliver human rights

Question 6

Kosovo

Answer 6

1999
breakdown of Yugoslavia –> kosovo part of Serbia but wants independence as ethnic majority were Muslim Albanian (92%)

conflict between serbian and kosovian + albenian forces

serbian police attacks Rackack district in KOsovo
45 Kosovo Albenian killed

NATO air strikes vs milosevic (serbian leader) - operation allied forces

Question 7

pluralist names

Answer 7

bull

Question 8

pluralist argument

Answer 8

states conflicting claim of justice and good society

abuse

rule of consequentialism: no rules on the practice of humanitarian intervention –> states act on own interests and morals destroying international ordr

right of humanitarian intervention jeopardizes sovereignty and non-intervention

Question 9

kenya 2007

Answer 9

kibaki + oding aower sharing in kenya after 2002 elections –> kibaki wasn’t sharing + corruption

2007 elections –> kibaki won although polls were always favourable otawrds Odings

riots vs government –> government suppressed violence = 1,000 deaths

kibaki administration wasn’t fulfilling its duty of citizen protection and was threatening the citizens health and well being

international community intervene in order to protect

no need of force - ngotiations

2008 National Accord of Reconciliation

Question 10

counter-restrictionist names

Answer 10

Reisman

Question 11

counter-restrictionist argument

Answer 11

states can legally intervene as they have a responsibility to protect under the UN charter of 1945 
Article 1(3) + 55 + 56 

humanitarian customary law allows humanitarian intervention

should act through UN
uses credibility if it doesn’t + realist case could be stronger

Question 12

Syria 2018

Answer 12

US, UK, France launch air strikes on Syrian chemical weapon facilities

100 missiles

not through the UN

accused by Russia, China and Iran

since 2013 known that chemical weapons were used

something else must have pushed the intervention

Question 13

wheeler saving strangers

Answer 13

1. is there a humanitarian emergency?
2. is it the last resort?
3. is it proportional?
4. is there a reasonable chance of a positive outcome?

Question 14

first humanitarian inervention

Answer 14

Libya 1973

Question 15

solidarist good and risks

Answer 15

good: humanitarian rights achieved + individual focus of international community + highe human protection
harm: legal case on intervenor or international disorder

Question 16

realist names

Answer 16

waltz

Question 17

realist argument

Answer 17

HI excuse to pursue national interest

another way with which stronger countries impose themselves on weaker ones

HI just used when national interest is at stake

moral incentives overwhelemed by self-interest

states ahve no right to kill their armed forces to protect citizens that aren’t under their wing of protection

Question 18

Somalia 1991

Answer 18

General Barre’s regime overthrown in 1991

civil war –> clan based

violence –> 300,000 died

UN intervene in 1991 –> US’led multinational force of the UNited Task Force –> 18 uS soliders died in 1993 MOgadish battle + 147 UN armed forces killed

withdrawal of forces 1993 and 1995

Question 19

Cambodia-Vietnam conflict 1978

Answer 19

1978 vietnam invades cambodia to depose the Khmaer Rouge –> led democratic Kamouchea under Pol Plot and they were carrying out human violations: 1.5-2M killed due to starvation, execution and over worl e.g. detention centre S12 –> 20,000 died

UN invades cambodia in 1978 till 1992 when a coalition government was establsihed

China invades Vietnam in 1978

Question 20

pluralist good and harm

Answer 20

good: restoration of humanitarian rights
harm: international disorder

Question 21

realist good and harm

Answer 21

harm: abuse –> perception of casus belli + selectivity –> unbalanced and unequal community + killing of national soldiers