Humanistic Approach. Flashcards
Humanistic Approach does not reject….
the psychodynamic approach but highlights some of its limitations.
Humanistic approach….4 things to remember
the Here and Now “not prisoners of the past”
Conscious rather than unconscious
each person is responsible for their own outcomes
People are motivated to achieve. “ only through self improvement can one be truly happy”
Known as “3rd force” alongside Psychodynamic theory and Behaviourism
CARL ROGERS
1902 - 1987
Client Centered approach
People are Basically GOOD
what is the Phenomenological approach?
an approach which investigates people’s
Subjective
Conscious
Experiences
does not try to characterise the world of reality as it exists independent of the observer.
The reality of the environment depends on the individual’s perception of it
Theory of Therapy is
focused on reality as experienced By the person
this is the Person Centred Approach.
a Humanist View claims the all people are motivated towards positive personal growth. what two approaches disagree with this?
Religions such as Christianity believe people are sinful
Psychodynamic theory believes we are all born with sinful and sexual drives and urges.
The Humanist Approach believes we become bad because…
we begin to distrust our inner feeling - we may have been told they are wrong.
if our inner experience does not match up with the external rules then we can lose touch with the inner growth process.
humanist: people become bad through a ………. of inner feelings
distrust
from a humanist stand point, alienation and Detachment mean
feeling that one’s experiences do not stem from our “true selves”
we tell our selves that other peoples desires are our own.
“living a lie!!”
actual self is our ………… ideal self is ……..
self perception
who or what we would most like to be.
what determines how we view our selves and thus our personality and behaviour.
the degree of CONGRUENCE between our actual selves and our ideal selves.
self congruence is when the actual and ideal self are the same. this is is called when we ………. ………..
self actualise
Incongruence of ideal and actual self can lead to
tension which can lead to MALADAPTIVE behaviours.
people become congruent throughout early development if they are given
Unconditional Positive Regard
when Unconditional Positive Regard is given through a persons early development they tend to be …..
Congruent
and are more likely to self actualise
when a person is given Conditional Positive regard they tend to make
life decisions to please other/authority figures.
this leads them to feeling a disconnect between their own feelings and their life choices.
Measuring Self Congruence.
Q sort technique.
–client sorts statements on cards like “very characteristic of me , through to not at all characteristic of me”
first they sort as a SELF SORT - how they see them selves
then they sort as IDEAL SORT - How they’d like to be
the CONGRUENCE between the two sorts is computed
- discrepancy should decrease as client centred therapy progresses.
Q sort technique.
–client sorts statements on cards like “very characteristic of me , through to not at all characteristic of me”
first they sort as a SELF SORT - how they see them selves
then they sort as IDEAL SORT - How they’d like to be
the CONGRUENCE between the two sorts is computed
- discrepancy should decrease as client centred therapy progresses.
Self Discrepancy Theory (who , what and when ??)
HIGGINS 1987
incongruence between the ACTUAL and IDEAL leads to - -
dejection related emotions, e.g. sadness, disappointment and dissatisfaction.
Incongruence between ACTUAL and OUGHT leads to - -
agitation related emotions e.g. anxiety and fear.
mmmmm think Higgins the pig is in 1987 defending numbers and in that year higgins the pig - its three years after 1984 so all the animals on animal farm have chilled out and done the self discrepancy theory test . higgins the pig has done well three years later. he actually ideally ought to have done well mmmmmmm
Carl Roger’s distortion and denial.
Distortion occurs when the individual perceives a threat to their self-concept.
They distort the perception until it fits their self-concept.
Subception is short for
subliminal perception.
in which a stimulus is experienced or responded to without being brought into awareness. According to Rogers, the mind applies unconscious strategies to protect the individual from a negative stimulus before it enters consciousness.
these help in denial (deny the experiences conscious expression) and distortion. (blame an outside force)
CHODORKOFF - what did he say and when ?
1954
Participants were slower to perceive self-inconsistant words then they were to perceive neutral words, especially poorly adjusted individuals.
i.e. people have a better recall for self consistent over self-inconsistant words.
people have a better recall for self consistent over self-inconsistant words.
CHODORKOFF 1954
mmmm think , people who are being tested in 1954 all wearing those pointy 50’s glasses they have been asked to perceive words in the test facility but hey also been asked to bring along a dork in the CHOw your DORK OFF activity. the dork can be wearing really 50s thick rimmed glasses and he is SLOWER TO PERCEIVE the non-dorky works
CHODORKOFF 1954
CARTWRIGHT 1956
A person who perceived them selves friendly mistakenly recalled “hostile” as “hospitable”
this is an example of Distortion
