Behaviourism Flashcards
Behaviourists argue that personality must be studied through behaviour as the inside of the mind can never be ……… ………….
studied scientifically
Behaviour is determined by …………. ……….. in the environment
events (stimuli)
Behaviourist miss out the middle step of Cognitive Psychology and argue there is a …..
direct relationship between our external stimuli and our responses
what did WATSON believe in 1930
He could turn any Healthy child of any race of background in to any type of profession given the time and space to control the childs stimuli
LEARNING APPROACH
Classical Conditioning is..
Learned associations between events in the environment.
Operant Conditioning is ….
Behavioural effects of environmental rewards and Punishments.
PAVLOV when did he do his ground breaking dog research and what happened?
in 1901 while studying salivation in dogs - while studying the digestion system ( for which he was later awarded a nobel prize ) he discovered that the dogs came to associate a bell ringing (NEUTRAL STIMULI ) with the arrival of their food. so much so that the bell alone could trigger a salivation response. This he called a CONDITIONED REFLEX
we know this as CLASSICAL CONDITIONING.
Classical conditioning - a more technical definition
a NEUTRAL STIMULI (e.g. bell) becomes capable of elicit in
a RESPONSE (salivation) as a result of being paired with
an UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (food) that already produces the response.
behaviourism terms; Generalisation
a conditioned response to SIMILAR but not identical to the original (different tone of bell would still elicit the salivation response)
behaviourism terms; Discrimination
by SELECTIVE REINFORCEMENT dogs trained to have a conditioned response to very subtly different stimuli 9 i.e. different tones would elicit some would not.)
behaviourism terms; Extinction
Conditioned stimuli is repeatedly paired WITHOUT the unconditional stimuli
(bell + No food = extinction of conditioned response)
STAATS + STAATS what and when
in 1958 they did a study looking at how pairing of certain ethnic groups with bad new in the media created racist attitudes
wwww think … staats and staats are evil little 58 year old sheets of statistics gloating over how they have influences and made every one racist thanks to their coupling of bad news (unconditioned stimuli) with ethnic groups (neutral stimuli) to create a conditioned response (racism )
naughty little 58 year old sheets of statistics !!!!
details of STAATS AND STAATS EXPERIMENT IN 1958
they presented participants with
1) Dutch + positive words
2) swedish + negative words
3) other nationalities = Neutral words
(Note they swapped these around in COUNTER BALANCING)
Tthen they asked participants to complete an ATTITUDE SCALE
result: attitudes reflected the experimental pairing
BYRNE AND CLORE what when and who did experiments to test it ?
RAM
GG. LL
in 1970 they developed the
REINFORCEMENT-AFFECT MODEL
Attraction is determined by conditioning
GRIFFIT +GUAY 1969
non involved bystanders were more liked when participants received rewards v punishments.
LOTT + LOTT 1968 Children rewarded ignored or punished in front of class mates
the rewarded kids liked the class mates MORE than the ignored or punished kids.
V similar experiments.
mmmm think. Griffit and Guay are a griffin and a guy who like each other a lot lot lot lot lot lot lot lot because they met each other when they were being rewarded at a reward ceremony.
In 1927 what did PAVLOV do with another bunch of dogs?
Experiment designed to observe the onset of neurosis in dogs
1) Dogs conditioned to salivate to image of a circle but not an image of an ellipse .
2) Gradually the shape of the ellipse changed to become a circle such that the dog could hardly tell them apart.
3) this had bad consequences for the dogs “personality” . it became very agitated.
this explained that NEUROSIS is a learned response to our environment.
