humanistic approach Flashcards
humanistic psychology
approach to understanding behaviour that emphasises the importance of subjective experience and each person’s capacity for self-determinism
free will
the notion that humans make choices and are not determined by internal biological or external forces
Rogers and Maslow - reject more scientific models that try to establish general principles of human behaviour
person-centred approach
self-actualisation
the desire to grow psychologically and fulfil one’s full potential
top level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
personal growth is concerned with developing and changing as a person reach self-actualisation - primary goal
hierarchy of needs
five levels
self actualisation - creativity, acceptance
self-esteem - respect of others, confidence
love and belonging - friendship, family
safety and security - health, employment
physiological needs - food, shelter
self
Rogers
the ideas and values that characterise I and me and includes perception and valuing of what I am and what I do
congruence
Rogers
aim of Rogerian therapy, when the self-concept and ideal self are seen to match
incongruence is gap is too big - self-actualisation is not possible
conditions of worth
when a parent places limits or boundaries on their love of their child
unconditional positive regard - good mental health
client-centred therapy
counselling
we experience issues such as worthlessness due to a lack of unconditional positive regard
not reductionist
P - strength is it rejects attempts to break down behaviour into smaller components
E - different to behaviourists, cognitive approach and biological approach
E - advocate holism - idea that subjective experience can only be understood by considering the whole person
L - approach more valid than alternatives by considering meaningful human behaviour in real-world context
P - reductionist more scientific
E - ideal of science is experiment and experiments reduce behaviour to IV and DV
E - humanistic - few concepts that can be broken down into single variables and measured
L - humanistic psychology in general is short on empirical evidence to support its claims
positive approach
P - strength as optimistic
E - praised for bringing person back into psychology and positive self image when compared to eg psychodynamic
E - people as good and free to work towards achievement
L - refreshing and optimistic alternative to other approaches
cultural bias
P - limited as may be culturally-biased
E - eg individual freedom, autonomy and personal growth associated with individualistic cultures
E - collectivist tendencies emphasise the group rather than independence
L - possible approach does not apply universally and product of cultural context where it was developed
