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comparisons Flashcards

1
Q

free will vs determinism - biological

A

biological determinism

behaviour is controlled by internal biological factors

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2
Q

free will vs determinism - behaviourism

A

environmental determinism

behaviour is controlled by stimulus-response conditioning

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3
Q

free will vs determinism - slt

A

soft determinism

behaviour is controlled by environmental processes but humans do have free will in what they emulate

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4
Q

free will vs determinism - cognitive

A

soft determinism

behaviour is controlled by meditational processes but humans can choose what information they attend to

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5
Q

free will vs determinism - psychodynamic

A

psychic determinism

behaviour is determined by unconscious drives and psychosexual development

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6
Q

free will vs determinism - humanistic

A

free will

humans control their own environment and are capable/wanting to change

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7
Q

nature vs nurture - biological

A

nature

all behaviour is the result of innate biological factors

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8
Q

nature vs nurture - behaviourism

A

nurture

humans are born as tabula rasa and all their behaviour is learnt

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9
Q

nature vs nurture - slt

A

nurture

behaviour is learnt from observation and vicarious reinforcement

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10
Q

nature vs nurture - cognitive

A

interactionist

behaviour is the product of information processing and modified by experience

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11
Q

nature vs nurture - psychodynamic

A

interactionist

behaviour is the result of innate drives but shaped by early childhood experiences

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12
Q

nature vs nurture - humanistic

A

mostly nurture

behaviour shaped by the environment but self-actualisation is believed to be the innate goal of every person

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13
Q

reductionism vs holism - biological

A

biological reductionism

behaviour is broken down into biological processes

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14
Q

reductionism vs holism - behaviourism

A

environmental reductionism

behaviour is broken down into stimulus-response patterns

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15
Q

reductionism vs holism - slt

A

soft reductionism

shares elements of behaviourist and cognitive approach

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16
Q

reductionism vs holism - cognitive

A

experimental reductionism

behaviour is studied isolated from other aspects of the brain

17
Q

reductionism vs holism - psychodynamic

A

interactionist

behaviour is reduced to innate drives while considering multiple aspects of human behaviour

18
Q

reductionism vs holism - humanism

A

holism

focuses on understanding all aspects of human experience and interaction

19
Q

idiographic and nomothetic - biological

A

nomothetic

universal laws can be created as humans share similar physiologies

20
Q

idiographic and nomothetic - behaviourism

A

nomothetic

universal laws can be created as all behaviour is motivated by stimulus-response

21
Q

idiographic and nomothetic - learning theory

A

nomothetic

universal laws can be created as everyone can be subject to vicarious reinforcement

22
Q

idiographic and nomothetic - cognitive

A

interactionist

attempts to establish universal laws of cognitive processing but takes idiographic approach with case studies

23
Q

idiographic and nomothetic - psychodynamic

A

interactionist

attempts to establish universal laws of innate drives but considers unique experiences of the individual

24
Q

idiographic and nomothetic - humanism

A

idiographic

focuses on the individual human experience with no attempt to create general laws

25
Q

views on development

A

psychodynamic - coherent - concepts and processes to stages determined by age

cognitive - contributed to understanding of development eg children form increasingly complex schemas as they get older

biological approach - genetically determined changes in child’s physiological status influence psychological and behavioural characteristics

humanistic - development of self is ongoing throughout life - childhood particular important - relationship with parent important in terms of unconditional positive regard

behaviourist and slt - do not offer coherent stage theories of development - see processes that underpin learning as continuous - occurring at any age

26
Q

explanation and treatment of psychological disorders

A

behaviourist - abnormality as arising from maladaptive or faulty learning so destructive patterns reinforced
- systematic desensitisation aim to condition new, more healthy responses

slt - relatively little application to treatment - principles of modelling and observational learning used to explain negative behaviours eg aggression - influence of dysfunctional models

psychodynamic - freud saw anxiety disorders as emerging from unconscious conflict, childhood trauma and overuse of defence mechanisms - psychoanalysis - some success as therapy but not appropriate for everyone due to time, ability to talk and reflection on emotions

cognitive - cognitive therapy - more effective and applicable eg CBT for depression - aims to identify and eradicate faulty thinking assumed to be cause of maladaptive behaviour

humanist - humanistic therapy based on roger’s philosophy that closing gap between self-concept and ideal self will increase self-esteem and stimulate personal growth - effective

biological - drug therapy regulating chemical imbalances in brain

! approaches (10 decks)

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