Humanist Approach

Question 1

Free will

Answer 1

All approaches determinist apart from humanism considers concept of self determinism and free will. People are affected by internal and external influences but we are in charge of our own actions and development.
As actieve agents are all unique psychology should, cording to Rodgers and Maslow, be person centred.

Question 2

Maslow hierarchy of needs

Answer 2

Maslow was interested in what motivates people and described a hierarchy of needs in order to motivate people towards a primary goal- self actualisation.
Physiological needs, safety and security, love and belongingness, self esteem and self actualisation.

Question 3

Self actualisation

Answer 3

Represents the uppermost level of Maslows hierarchy of needs. All four levels of the hierarchy must be met before a person works towards self actualisation.

Question 4

Congruence and conditions of worth

Answer 4

Rodgers argued that a person must achieve congruency between their views of self and others view of them in order to achieve self growth. Rodgers developed client centred therapy to help people cope with the problems associated with everyday living.
Also claimed that self esteem issues can stem from childhood and can be explained by a lack of unconditional positive regard from parents eg i will only love you if…
Therefore Rodgers believed providing clients with unconditional positive regard would be effective during therapy as parents failed to provide this.

Question 5

Counselling psychology

Answer 5

Rodgers referred to those in therapy as clients not patients as they are the expert on their own condition therefore therapy is non directive and client is encouraged rtoards discovery of their own solutions.
Client should be provided with
Unconditional positive regard
Empathy
Genuineness

Question 6

Evaluation negatives

Answer 6

• cultural bias ideas of freedom and individualism are westernised as opposed to eastern collective ideas.
• untestable and subjective concepts lack of empirical evidence cant be broken down into variables and measured.
• limited application

Question 7

Evaluation positives

Answer 7

+ not reductionist humanistic psychologists advocate holism the idea that subjective experience can be understood only be understanding the entire person. More valid tan alternative approaches because considers human behaviour in environmental context.
HOWEVER- reductional it’s can sometimes mean more scientific so more reliable
+ positive approach promoting a positive view of the human condition. Optimistic alternative to other approaches.