Humanist Approach Flashcards
What does the humanistic approach focus on?
The whole of an individual’s experiences in order to understand psychology
What is free will?
Personal autonomy, independence in mind and behaviour
What was Maslow interested in?
Human potential and how we fulfill that potential, he proposed that people have a variety of defector needs which need to be meh in order to be able to develop to our full potential by meeting our growth needs
What are the 5 needs in Maslow’s heirarchy of needs?
- Self actualisation
- Self esteem needs
- Love and belonging needs
- Safety needs
- Physiological needs
What are physiological needs?
- Breathing
- Food
- Water
- Sleep
What are safety needs?
Security of:
- Self
- Employment
- Health
- Property
What are love and belonging needs?
- Friendship
- Family
- Sexual intimacy
What are self esteem needs?
- Self esteem
- Confidence
- Achievement
- Respect of others
What is self actualisation?
- Morality
- Creativity
- Problem solving
- Lack of prejudice
What did Rodger’s believe?
All people are innately programmed to strive for personal growth, however the way we perceive ourselves or the experiences we have with others can sometimes interfere with this
What is our self concept?
The way we see ourselves
When did he believe our self concept develops?
Early childhood and is dependent on how others treat and reflect back to us
What is our ideal self?
This is what we would like ourselves to be like
How is someone’s self esteem calculated?
By observing the difference between the self concept and ideal self
What is congruence?
When someone’s self concept and ideal self are very close. The person’s self esteem wil be good
What is incongruent?
Where there is a big difference with the self concept being much lower than the ideal self, then the person will have a low self esteem
What are conditions of worth?
This is when a person experiences relationships where people set conditions or boundaries on their love (I will only love you if)
What is conditional postive regard?
Illustrated by a child who experiences that their parent knit loves them kf they are good or clever
What did Rodger’s believe?
That this experience of consitions in worth in childhood can lead to psychological problems for the child in the future
What is unconditional positive regard?
A parent who accepts and loves their child for who and what they are
What is Rodger’s counselling?
Person centred counselling
What does person centred counselling do?
Works on the basis that the client knows themselves best and has the capacity to change
What does person centred counselling offer?
A warm, supportive and non judgemental environment in which clients are encouraged to freely talk, recognising that clients are the experts in their lives and can often find their own solutions
What are the 3 main elements of the counselling?
- Unconditional positive regard
- Empathy
- Congruence
What happens in the unconditional positive regard stage?
The counsellor does not give instructions, they just show they understand what the client is saying by offering reflections and offering unconditional positive regard without imposing conditions of worth
What happens in the empathy stage?
The counsellor shows empathy to the client’s experiences
What happens in the congruence stage?
The counsellor allows the client to express themselves as they really are and genuinely belehebs ghag the client has potential tk change and achieve self actualisation
What are 3 evaluation points?
- Emphasises free will which is ignored by other approaches
- Individual experiment so cannot be generalised
- Effective
