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approaches in psychology > Humanist Approach > Flashcards

Humanist Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the humanistic approach focus on?

A

The whole of an individual’s experiences in order to understand psychology

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2
Q

What is free will?

A

Personal autonomy, independence in mind and behaviour

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3
Q

What was Maslow interested in?

A

Human potential and how we fulfill that potential, he proposed that people have a variety of defector needs which need to be meh in order to be able to develop to our full potential by meeting our growth needs

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4
Q

What are the 5 needs in Maslow’s heirarchy of needs?

A
  • Self actualisation
  • Self esteem needs
  • Love and belonging needs
  • Safety needs
  • Physiological needs
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5
Q

What are physiological needs?

A
  • Breathing
  • Food
  • Water
  • Sleep
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6
Q

What are safety needs?

A

Security of:
- Self
- Employment
- Health
- Property

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7
Q

What are love and belonging needs?

A
  • Friendship
  • Family
  • Sexual intimacy
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8
Q

What are self esteem needs?

A
  • Self esteem
  • Confidence
  • Achievement
  • Respect of others
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9
Q

What is self actualisation?

A
  • Morality
  • Creativity
  • Problem solving
  • Lack of prejudice
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10
Q

What did Rodger’s believe?

A

All people are innately programmed to strive for personal growth, however the way we perceive ourselves or the experiences we have with others can sometimes interfere with this

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11
Q

What is our self concept?

A

The way we see ourselves

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12
Q

When did he believe our self concept develops?

A

Early childhood and is dependent on how others treat and reflect back to us

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13
Q

What is our ideal self?

A

This is what we would like ourselves to be like

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14
Q

How is someone’s self esteem calculated?

A

By observing the difference between the self concept and ideal self

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15
Q

What is congruence?

A

When someone’s self concept and ideal self are very close. The person’s self esteem wil be good

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16
Q

What is incongruent?

A

Where there is a big difference with the self concept being much lower than the ideal self, then the person will have a low self esteem

17
Q

What are conditions of worth?

A

This is when a person experiences relationships where people set conditions or boundaries on their love (I will only love you if)

18
Q

What is conditional postive regard?

A

Illustrated by a child who experiences that their parent knit loves them kf they are good or clever

19
Q

What did Rodger’s believe?

A

That this experience of consitions in worth in childhood can lead to psychological problems for the child in the future

20
Q

What is unconditional positive regard?

A

A parent who accepts and loves their child for who and what they are

21
Q

What is Rodger’s counselling?

A

Person centred counselling

22
Q

What does person centred counselling do?

A

Works on the basis that the client knows themselves best and has the capacity to change

23
Q

What does person centred counselling offer?

A

A warm, supportive and non judgemental environment in which clients are encouraged to freely talk, recognising that clients are the experts in their lives and can often find their own solutions

24
Q

What are the 3 main elements of the counselling?

A
  1. Unconditional positive regard
  2. Empathy
  3. Congruence
25
Q

What happens in the unconditional positive regard stage?

A

The counsellor does not give instructions, they just show they understand what the client is saying by offering reflections and offering unconditional positive regard without imposing conditions of worth

26
Q

What happens in the empathy stage?

A

The counsellor shows empathy to the client’s experiences

27
Q

What happens in the congruence stage?

A

The counsellor allows the client to express themselves as they really are and genuinely belehebs ghag the client has potential tk change and achieve self actualisation

28
Q

What are 3 evaluation points?

A
  • Emphasises free will which is ignored by other approaches
  • Individual experiment so cannot be generalised
  • Effective

approaches in psychology (7 decks)

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