Humanism Flashcards
Who invented the hieracy of needs?
Maslow
What is the first level of the hierachy of needs?
Essential elements e.g. clean water, food, air
What is level 2 of the hierachy of needs?
Security, protection, freedom from persecution
What is level 3 of the hierachy of needs?
Social needs- supportive network, friendship, love etc
What is level 4 of the hierachy of needs?
Esteem needs, positive self-image
What is level 5 of the hierarchy of needs?
Self-actualisation, feelings of personal growth- person’s full potential
Strengths of the hierarchy of needs: application?
Has application to a range of fields e.g. can be applied to business settings to help set goals and priorities for staff to encourage upward mobility
Strengths of the hierarchy of needs: application to education?
Can be applied to education settings to encourage progress and attainments in terms of exam success and mastery of specific tasks
What are the assumptions of humanism: unique ?
Each individual is unique- humans are unique and good people
Personal growth
What are the assumptions of humanism: free will?
Humans have free will
What are the assumptions of humanism: science?
Science should not be used to explain behaviour
What are the assumptions of humanism: holism?
Humans should be viewed holistically and not reduced to their parts
Who invented congruence?
Carl Rogers
What is the ideal self?
The person they want to be
What is the real self?
The way they see themselves
What happens if the real self and ideal self are dissimilar?
The person experiences a state of incongruence
What does incongruence stem from?
A lack of unconditional positive regard e.g. lack of unconditional love.
What is one form of practical application of humanism?
Client- centred therapy
What does client- centred therapy focus on?
Receiving unconditional praise
What data does the Q-sort provide?
Quantitative and qualitative
Quantitative doesn’t allow for the richness of humans
What does the humanistic approach see the individual as?
The individual is at the heart of their destiny- as opposed to external sources- humanistic psychologists will have an internal locus of control
What is humanism in opposition to?
The behaviours and biological approaches which see behaviour as a response to either internal biological processes/external conditionining by the environment
What is a weakness of self actualisation?
It is hard to measure as you can never fully tell when someone is actually fulfilled in life
Strengths of humanism: reality is subjective?
Reflects the fact that that reality is subjective- everyone’s reality is unique to themselves
Strengths of humanism: individual experiences?
Focuses on individual experiences- acknowledges the diversity and richness of the human experience- therefore its high in ecological validity
Limitations of humanism: vagueness and lack of science?
Sense of vagueness and lack of scientific control- no lab experiments- hard to measure
Limitations of humanism: Maslow’s hierarchy- different cultus?
Generally applicable to individualist cultures- does not have real world generalisation- does not account for cultural differences (collectivist cultures)
Limitations of humanism: measuring?
Difficult to operationalise and measure
Limitations of humanism: reliability?
Lacks reliability and is too open to interpretation
Limitations of humanism: mental health disorders
Not appropriate for mental health disorders e.g. schizophrenia
Limitations of humanism: treating biology?
Humanism is not appropriate to be used to treat anything that has a biological basis
