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A Level Psychology (key Approaches) > Cognitive Approach > Flashcards

Cognitive Approach Flashcards

1
Q

Assumptions?

A

All behaviour is driven by internal mental processes

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2
Q

Example of IMP’s?

A

Memory
Thinking
Attention
Perception

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3
Q

Is cognition observable?

A

No it is unobservable- can’t be directly observed- have to make inferences

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4
Q

1st step of the computer model?

A

Information is transferred (sensory information)- sensory register

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5
Q

2nd step of computer model?

A

2) information that has been paid attention to is transferred to short-term memory

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6
Q

3rd step of the multi-store model of memory?

A

If information is rehearsed, it will transfer to long-term memory

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7
Q

What is the 4th step of the multi-store model of memory?

A

Any information which is not rehearsed will be displaced

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8
Q

What is a schema?

A

An internal package of ideas which is developed through experience

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9
Q

What do schemas act as?

A

A mental framework for the interpretation of incoming information received by the cognitive system

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10
Q

What do schemas stop the mind from becoming?

A

Schemas facilitate the speedy processing of information to stop the mind from becoming overstimulated by environmental stimulation

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11
Q

What may schemas distort?

A

Out interpretations of sensory information- leading to errors

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12
Q

What affects schemas?

A

Culture as it shapes experience

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13
Q

What does cognitive neuroscience investigate?

A

The relationship between cognition and neural mechanisms, brain chemistry and brain structure

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14
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Paul Broca had identified how damage to an area of the frontal lobe could permanently impair speech production

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15
Q

What are fMRI’s and PET scans useful for?

A

Scientists can systematically observe and describe the neurological basis of mental processes

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16
Q

What research was used to show the use of episodic and semantic memory?

A

Tulving et al was able to show how episodic and semantic memory (the different types of long-term memory) may be located on opposite sides of the prefrontal cortex

17
Q

What is the central executive of the brain used for?

A

In charge of working memory

18
Q

What are scanning techniques useful to identify?

A

Establishing the neurological basis of some mental disorders

19
Q

What part of the brain is linked to OCD?

A

The parahippocampal gyrus and OCDD

20
Q

What is brain fingerprinting?

A

A computer generated model which is designed to read the brain

21
Q

What could be a future application of brain fingerprinting?

A

Analyse the brain wave patterns of eyewitness to determine whether they are lying in court

22
Q

What functions is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Cognitive functions

23
Q

What is the temporal lobes function?

A

Speech comprehension

24
Q

What is the coding of the computer analogy?

A

The mind interprets the environmental stimuli

25
Q

What is the storage of the computer analogy?

A

The minds equivalent of a hard drive is a long-term memory

26
Q

What is the output of the computer analogy?

A

The minds output includes speech, behavioural responses, thoughts

27
Q

Strength of the cognitive approach: science?

A

Uses objective, scientific methods
High reliability- strong control of extraneous variables
The emergence of cognitive neuroscience has enabled the two fields of biology and cognitive psychology to come together to enhance the scientific basis of study
Therefore The study of the mind has a credible scientific basis

28
Q

What is a limitation of the approach being so scientific?

A

Cognitive psychology relies on the inference of mental processes, rather than direct observation of behaviour- it can occasionally suffer from being too abstract and theoretical in nature
Research studies of mental processes are carried out using artificial stimuli that may not represent everyday experience- lacking external validity

29
Q

Practical application?

A

Has contributed to the development of AI

30
Q

Soft determinism?

A

Soft determinism means that behaviour is constrained to the environment but only by a certain event compared to hard determinism of the behaviourist approach- acknowledges free will

31
Q

Machine reductionism?

A

Overly contrived- attempts to make direct comparisons between a computer and the human mind- seems artificial
Human cognition has emotions- feelings are unpredictable- a computer is not
Computer analogy has limited application to cognition
Dehumanising

32
Q

Limitations of schema?

A

If there is no clear consensus as to what a schema is, then the theory lacks usefulness.
Difficult to define exactly what a schema is
Schema will differ from person to person

33
Q

Brain imaging?

A

Techniques are not infallible
Some fMRI machines may be affected by errors in calibration
External factors (noise and light) can affect the accuracy

A Level Psychology (key Approaches) (7 decks)

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