Human - Urban Revision

Question 1

What are the problems associated with the favelas in Rio

Answer 1

• Built in dangerous locations where people don’t want to live e.g. steep hillsides, swamps, next to main roads/railways
• People don’t own the land
• Houses are built of anything that people can find e.g. : corrugated iron, old bricks, plastic sheeting.
• Lack of services e.g. Schools and health care
• No rubbish collection
• No clean running water
• No sanitation - diseases spread easily
• crime/violence
• Risk of landslide e.g. Rocinha

Question 2

Self Help schemes

Answer 2

Residents are given tools and training to improve their homes which develops their skills, thereby improving their overall standard of living.

Question 3

How effective is the Self Help Schemes

Answer 3

• people may be given legal ownership of the land they live on
• Creates community spirit as they work with each other to improve their houses.
• The government give them the building supplies and the people provide the labour

Question 4

What is the disadvantage to self help schemes

Answer 4

• These schemes have cost the government in excess of £200 million

Question 5

Site and Service Scheme

Answer 5

The Bairro Project ( or ‘slum to neighbourhood’ project) Unlike self-help schemes, with site and service schemes the local authority takes control of building projects . These give people the chance to rent or buy a piece of land.

Question 6

How effective is the Site and service schemes

Answer 6

Installing water pipes and sewers has greatly improved health and reduced disease eg cholera.
It generates income for the council as families have to pay rent for the new homes.
Most houses are made from concrete and brick and more than 3/4 have access to electricity.

Question 7

What is the disadvantage to the site and service scheme?

Answer 7

The Favela Bairro scheme is no use to families without jobs who cannot afford the rent.

Question 8

Charities

Answer 8

Charities help to improve the life for people in shanty towns by providing money for self-help schemes. The developing minds Foundation builds schools and supports education programmes in Rio’s favelas. Their aim is to improve the literacy rates of children so they can get a good job, improve their standard of living and have more life choices.

Question 9

How effective are Charities

Answer 9

Money is targeted to areas in need

People who need it benefit the most

Question 10

What is the disadvantage of charities

Answer 10

Only helps a very small percentage of people living in Rocinha

Question 11

Pacification

Answer 11

Stage one - Armed police units, backed by soldiers and marines, go into favelas to drive out criminal gangs. Permanent police presences are established in what had often been no-go areas for security officials.
Stage two - With the shanty town secured, staff from Rio’s municipal authority can start to provide social services such as schools, healthcare.

Question 12

How effective is pacification

Answer 12

Favelas are made safer for everyone

Services are provided, eg schools and health care centres.

Question 13

What is the disadvantages of pacification

Answer 13

Innocent Bystanders are often killed in the crossfire between the police and the gangs.
The drug dealers often move back into favelas after a few years.

Question 14

Rio-Niteroi Bridge

Answer 14

The Rio-Niteroi bridge is 14km and was opened in 1974. It connects Rio with the city of Niteroi across Guanabarra Bay.

Question 15

How effective is the Rio-Niteroi Bridge

Answer 15

It provides commuters with a quick alternative route instead of traveling the 80km road journey which was the case in previous years
However, due to rising levels of car ownership, each end of the bridge is jammed at rush hour causing major congestion.

Question 16

The Yellow Line

Answer 16

The yellow line connects Barra da Tijuca in the west zone with Rio’s North Zone and the International airport. 70,000 vehicles use it everyday.

Question 17

How effective is the yellow line

Answer 17

So far the road has been successful in removing 40% of traffic from local roads in its vicinity.

Question 18

TransOeste Bus Rapid Transit

Answer 18

The BRT opened in preparation for the 2016 Olympics. The first of four BRT corridors was opened in June 2012.

Question 19

How effective is the Bus Rapid Transit

Answer 19

It has cut travel times by 50%
The project is part of a green initiative for sustainable transport that will use new buses operating on ninety percent compressed natural gas.

Question 20

Bike Rio

Answer 20

it was introduced to encourage more road users to use and rent bicycles in order to get around the city.

Question 21

How effective has bike Rio been ?

Answer 21

Effective in reducing traffic congestion and also reducing pollution
System is expanding due to it’s effectiveness and an additional ninety miles of path were to be completed by 2015
However , Women are scared to use it at night.

Question 22

What are the Strategies associated with the old housing stock in glasgow

Answer 22

New tenement style housing
Old high rise flats have been demolished
The Clyde gateway project 
'Athlete's Village'
The Dalmarnock Legacy Hub
Improved Sports Facilities, Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome
Gentrification

Question 23

What are the problems associated with old housing stock in Glasgow

Answer 23

Overcrowded conditions - Families of 7 or 8 lived in 1 room
Lacked electricity, running water, central heating, inside toilets and gardens
Pollution came from nearby factories
Disease was rife
Rooms were dark and damp

Question 24

Impact of New tenement style housing

Answer 24

It has created community spirit

Question 25

Impact of old high rise flats being demolished

Answer 25

Dealt with the damp, anti-social conditions in the high rises
All of the homes were designed with some of the houses representing the areas heritage. e.g. Dalmarnock

Question 26

Impact of the Clyde Gateway Project

Answer 26

It has cleared old industrial wasteland to provide new factory and commercial space
It has built new social and private housing
It has attracted new commercial investment, improved transport facilities: and long term recreational space linked to 2014 commonwealth games.

Question 27

Clyde gateway project

Answer 27

Has transformed the housing and economic opportunities for residents within inner city glasgow ( Dalmarnock) since 2007

Question 28

Athlete’s Village

Answer 28

Was built to accommodate the Commonwealth games competitors was transformed into housing for locals from the East End.

Question 29

Impact of Athletes Village

Answer 29

Over 1,100 houses were available for the public to buy, 300 were provided as social rented housing, plus a 120-bed elderly care home was built.
However some original residents of the area have claimed that they can no longer afford to live there.

Question 30

Impact of the Dalmarnock legacy hub

Answer 30

Provides much needed services for the local community such as primary schools, shops and a community centre.

Question 31

Impact of Improved Sports facilities

Answer 31

Brings benefits including providing access for the local community and improving life expectancy.
However, Many locals would rather the money had been spent on services that would benefit their own wider community.

Question 32

Gentrification

Answer 32

has occured in the West end of Glasgow such as around Byres Road, Traditional tenement buildings have been redeveloped to create very desirable and expensive housing.

Question 33

Impact of Gentrification

Answer 33

Such areas attract young, affluent people and many students as it is so close to the University of Glasgow.
However, this has pushed many locals out of the Byres road area.

Question 34

Effectiveness of the Opening of Clyde Tunnel and Erskine Bridge

Answer 34

This allowed vehicles to cross the clyde further downstream, easing pressure on the city centre.

Question 35

Effectiveness of the M74 now extending into the city centre of Glasgow

Answer 35

It keeps through traffic off the CBD roads and takes traffic away from the M8 , Therefore reducing travel times.

Question 36

Effectiveness of Public Transport

Answer 36

Commuters have been encouraged to take public transport into Glasgow City Centre to ease congestion on the busy, narrow roads by Projects such as free wifi on buses and trains.

Question 37

Effectiveness of Traffic Wardens, yellow lines and increased metering and parking charges

Answer 37

This discourages people from using on street parking therefore creating more space on narrow city roads

Question 38

Effectiveness of Pedestrianisation of Streets such as Buchanan Street

Answer 38

This helps reduce traffic flow in and around the CBD. This also increases pedestrian safety and Improves air quality and environment.

Question 39

Effectiveness of Multi-Storey Car parks

Answer 39

They have been built near shopping centres to reduce on-street parking.
However this may also have the effect of encouraging traffic into the city.

Question 40

Effectiveness of Nextbike Glasgow.

Answer 40

New cycle routes like the South City Way have been developed to encourage more cyclists.
Speed limits around the CBD have been set to 20mph to make it safer for cyclists.