Human Skeletal System Flashcards
5 functions of skeletal system
- movement
- support
- protection
- Makes blood
- storage
provides points of attachment for muscle
movement
main support of the center of the upper body
backbone
red and wbc are formed by tissue called
marrow
2 major skeletal system parts
- Axial Skeleton
2. Appendicular Skeleton
Axial skeleton includes:
skull, spine, ribs and sternum
Appendicular skeleton:
shoulders, arms, hips and legs
4 bone shapes
- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
4 layers of bone structure
- periosteum
- compact bone
- spongy bone
- bone marrow
covers bone
periosteum
lies beneath periosteum
compact bone
beneath compact bones
spongy bone
fills the gaps between spongy bone
bone marrow
top portion of skull which protects brain
cranium bones
upper jaw bone
maxilla
lower jawbone
mandible
holds the shoulder joint away from the rest of the upper body and is only thick as your little finger
clavicle or collarbone
located on the back side of the rib cage and helps provide part of the shoulder joint and the movement for the arms
Scapula
3 regions of vertebral column or spinal cord
- cervical region
- thoracic region
- lumbar region
neck bones
cervical region
where the ribs attach to
thoracic region
lower part of the back
lumbar region
small, triangular bone at base of spinal column
coccyx
large,triangular bone at the base of spine
sacrum
upper arm bone or long bone in arm from shoulder to elbow
humerus
large bones of the forearm
radius and ulna
top of the forearm
radius
bottom of the forearm
ulna
wrist bones or connects hand to forearm
carpals
also known as thoracic cage, a bony & cartilaginous structure which surrounds the thoracic cavity & supports the pectoral girdle
rib cage
flat bone at the front center of the chest
sternum or breastbone
lower part of trunk between abdomen and thighs or dancing bone
pelvis
largest bone in the body or transmit forces from tibia to the hip joint
femur
shinbone or shankbone
tibia
bears more weight
fibula
near tarsus of foot
tarsals
foot consist of five long bones
metatarsals
bones of fingers and toes
phalanges
Joints of the body
- ball & socket joints
- hinge joint
- pivot joint
- fixed immovable
- Gliding joint
round end of bone fitting snuggly within another bone
ball and socket joints
movement at joint in one direction like door
hinge joint
bone resting atop another bone permitting free movement
pivot joint
joint does not move
fixed immovable
bones slipping over other bones with a free flowing movement
gliding joint
example of ball & socket joints
shoulder and hip
ex of hinge j
knee and elbow
ex of pivot j.
neck, wrist and ankles
ex of fixed immovable
skull
ex of gliding j
knuckles
3 connectors of the body
- ligaments
- tendons
- cartilage
connect bone to bone
ligaments
attaches muscles to bones
tendon
acts as a cushion between bones at a joint and protects bones
catilage
